Title May 2024

Scroungers within human society deplete the resources of the working class

By Shehzad Baloch

In ancient human societies, individuals rarely had a chance to obtain free food or other life necessities. All

members of the communities had to work hard to produce sustenance and necessities.

Over time, societies evolved and became more interdependent, allowing humans to share feelings and commodities while suffering from unfair practices.

In human society, familial structures, kinship, clans, and tribes emerged, leading to favoritism, nepotism, prejudice, and bias. Individuals relied on these bonds for social fulfillment, causing injustice.

After forming societies, humans sought spiritual comfort to overcome exhaustion from routine functions. These religious practices varied in assumptions, notions, and practices based on climate and surroundings.

Humans intentionally formed tribes, adapted religions, and sought a state system for unification. In states, they have established laws, codes, principles, and more to meet societal requirements.

In some parts of the world, such as Scandinavian countries, the state system has enabled collective human progress. However, in other countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan, and other underdeveloped countries, scroungers have taken over the system and exploited the people’s resources to satisfy their own greed.

In Pakistan, the ruling class uses means such as tribalism, religious misinterpretations, and misuse of state laws to exploit and oppress the working class.

In Pakistan, there is a group called the establishment that has taken control of all the benefits of the state. As a result, citizens are living in a state of modern slavery. 

Meanwhile, in Pakistan, ordinary citizens are being influenced by various slogans, narratives, religious sentiments, and fake patriotism. Some unproductive individuals have aligned themselves with or been hired by the establishment to control the ordinary people through coercion or by deceiving them with the use of religion, tribalism, and irrational patriotism for Pakistan.

Religious elements, such as preachers, shrine venerates, and others, are controlled by their clerics against incentives. They declare this state the bastion of Islam, but no Islamic rule prevails here. The religion of Islam does not deal with the boundaries of a state; it purifies human lives, whether living in Pakistan or any other country.

Islamic teachings emphasize practicing virtuous deeds, refraining from sins, promoting fair resource distribution, and fighting against societal injustices. However, despite these teachings, such issues are widespread in Pakistan. Sadly, religious leaders fail to oppose the inhumane actions of state rulers due to their own selfish interests.

Tribalism has almost disappeared across the world, but in Pakistan, it has been artificially sustained in certain regions such as Balochistan, Sindh, and KPK. This outdated system discourages people from asserting their rights. Some parasitic elements in the form of tribal leaders are backed by the establishment. In return, these tribal leaders assist in oppressing the working class and producers and denying them their fundamental human rights in Pakistan.

In Pakistan, specific individuals indirectly use politics to manipulate society through the establishment. In this country, most politicians who have taken up positions such as Pir, Sardar, Khan, Malik, and others may be seen as pseudo or fake because they lack a mandate by the masses. 

The establishment often favors these discussed individuals, regardless of whether or not the people vote for them. Through their connections with the establishment, they can reach the assemblies, form governments, and enjoy various perks, incentives, and state resources earned through the working class’s hard work.

These Pakistani sham politicians retire after amassing massive wealth for themselves without trying to improve the lives of citizens or the system. As a result, ordinary citizens are now struggling with extreme price hikes and inflation. These politicians are nothing but scrounges who facilitate the ruling section of the country, which is known as the establishment.

In the same way, scrounge elements control the media, certain intellectuals, and the judiciary. These departments and others have failed to serve citizens and deliver their rights, instead feigning ultra-patriotism for the state. 

Meanwhile, the officials in the mentioned departments are unproductive and unhelpful. They follow instructions from the establishment without fulfilling their duties. Their poor performance and negligence can be seen in Pakistan’s mismanagement, miseries, and deteriorating conditions. This layer of officials has made the country unproductive and burdensome for the working class.

The current state system in Pakistan allows a parasitic layer to exploit all the resources earned by the working class through their labor. The citizens or workers in the country cannot escape the injustices served by this layer unless they start a revolution to remove the corrupt and parasitic regime. This layer includes religious leaders, tribal elements, bureaucracy, politicians, and other facilitators of the country’s establishment.

This scrounge layer in Pakistan considers itself fortunate and intelligent, and it thinks that the snatched resources of the working class are God’s blessing to them. However, these insane arguments by the workless layer do not match religious commands, tribal codes, political instructions, or human principles, nor do they match the characteristics of a state.

The working class needs to be liberated from a flawed state system supported by scrounging elements such as false religious beliefs, fake tribalism, pseudo-politicians, and other fraudulent patriots.

Most working-class citizens aim to eradicate poverty, diseases, misfortune, plagues, and inflation. A revolution is necessary to accomplish this task since mere optimism is inadequate in the face of these challenges.

1st May; the International Workers’ Day

By Comrade Faqeer Baloch

International Workers’ Day is celebrated worldwide on May 1, including Pakistan. The day pays homage to

the Martyrs’ Day of 1886 with great devotion and respect for the working class. Workers made this day famous in the American industrial city of Chicago by sacrificing their lives. They endured harsh working conditions, poverty, and hunger.

Despite working tirelessly day and night, the laborers’ lives were wretched. Their economic and social conditions were deteriorating, and they faced numerous problems. In specific factories, owners would bind and whip laborers to compel them to work while the industrialists reaped the benefits of their labor.

During that period, laborers were only provided meals twice daily to sustain themselves. They were required to work twelve to fourteen hours each day, including at night. Additionally, they were not allowed to engage in recreational or leisure activities. Workers were also denied physical, housing, and other benefits and facilities.

The workers at the mill did not have any safety measures in place while working, nor did they receive compensation for any injuries sustained on the job. Some workers were even left paralyzed as a result of injuries sustained while operating machinery and the mill owner expelled them from the mill.

During a specific period, the state government was under the control of capitalists. This left no one to pay attention to the needs or demands of the workers. The laborers had no forum to express their concerns about their rights, and they were denied the right to form associations.

During that era, laborers resided in poorly lit, narrow, and filthy streets of the city slums. There was no concept of weekly holidays in the factories where they worked. The conditions of female workers who were paid minimal wages were worse. Moreover, the children of these female workers were denied an education and were forced to work in factories underage.

As time passed, the conflicts between the laborers and the factory owners grew more intense, leading to resentment and a thirst for revenge. On one hand, the workers felt they were not being compensated fairly for their hard work and were forced to endure a miserable life. On the other hand, the factory owners were thriving and enjoying great wealth at the expense of their employees. This unfair treatment raised awareness among the workers and motivated them to take action.

In the early 18th century, workers began forming factory associations. This alarmed factory owners, who limited the workers’ activities. The leaders of these labor associations were closely monitored, and some were even suspended from their jobs. Additionally, a few labor leaders were threatened by the police and administration for organizing factory workers.

After laborers collaborated and conditions changed, national-level trade unions were established. Later, labor federations emerged in Chicago factories.

During that period, the factory owners committed various atrocities that led to widespread anxiety and concern among workers across the country. As a result, workers in different industrial areas of the city organized protest meetings and demonstrations to voice their grievances. 

The industrialists retaliated by suspending hundreds of local workers, including labor leaders, and hiring non-local workers instead. This further fueled the agitation among the local workers and caused the protests to spread even more.

The labor leaders were frustrated and presented their protest demands to the factories. They had three main requests: first, they wanted to work 8 hours a day; second, they requested 8 hours of rest; and third, they asked for 8 hours of recreation. The workers planned a strike on May 1, 1886, to achieve these goals. As a result, no workers showed up for work that day.

There were large-scale worker protests in Chicago, which led to clashes with the police. A significant workers’ meeting was held in front of A-market, which was peaceful. However, before the meeting could begin, the police attacked the workers as planned, which resulted in the death of several workers, including a journalist. This tragic incident resulted in a lot of bloodshed in the city of Chicago.

In the same spot, laborers sacrificed their lives for workers’ rights. Meanwhile, a protestor took the flag and soaked it in the blood of the martyred workers, reddish it. Then, he gave the red flag to a fellow protesting worker to uphold it. Subsequently, this red flag became the symbol of workers worldwide. 

Thanks to the Chicago workers’ patience, exemplary struggle, and sacrifices, today’s workers enjoy eight hours of work, eight hours of rest, and eight hours of recreation.

It has been 138 years since the May 1 incident, but the workers of Pakistan are still struggling with conditions that are over a century old. Despite working tirelessly day and night, they can still not meet their basic needs of two meals daily and a better quality of life. The capitalist system of exploitation has taken away their well-being, peace of mind, aspirations, and happiness.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, capitalists began to reduce the benefits and facilities that workers had obtained through their long struggle. This led to increased hardships for the working class. Even permanent workers experienced job insecurity as manufacturers began hiring recruits on a contract basis to avoid paying annual bonuses, physical facilities, and other benefits.

The factories are now managed by a contractor instead of the owner. The laborers are forced to work and are only paid daily. Their jobs are not secure, as they may be dismissed if they are 15 minutes late to work.

Workers are often mistreated in their workplaces and forced to work extended hours without receiving overtime pay. They may be injured while operating machines without being adequately compensated or provided with the necessary safety equipment and facilities. In some cases, workers are even treated like slaves, which is entirely unacceptable.

Many workers cannot seek justice through the legal system because it is flawed and time-consuming. The decreasing trend of trade union membership is attributed to contract-based recruitment. In a factory with 500 employees, only 70-80 are permanent workers, diminishing the union’s strength. As a result, no union can legitimately go on strike to achieve its demands.

The leadership of labor unions has become corrupt and no longer serves the interests of ordinary workers. Union leaders enjoy privileges that are not available to the workers they represent. 

Moreover, unorganized workers in industries such as hotels, workshops, newspapers, and homes are dire and require immediate attention.

The increasing inflation is primarily caused by the actions of capitalists, and it is significantly impacting laborers’ income. For instance, a family of five struggles to make ends meet with their meager income. They have to bear the expenses of rent, travel, electricity, water, and gas bills and the rising prices of essential commodities such as flour, sugar, pulses, rice, vegetables, meat, and medicine. Additionally, they have to pay taxes and fees for their children’s education.

Workers in Pakistan should establish a political party to overthrow the existing system instead of supporting capitalists and landlords. This is the only way to achieve salvation.

Modi’s United India

By Anwar Sajjidi

The tension in the Middle East has heightened after Iran’s recent attack on Israel. As a result, the United States has imposed new economic sanctions on Iran. Amid this situation, the warm welcome extended to Iranian President Ibrahim Raisi by the leaders of Pakistan is difficult to comprehend.

Ordinary people are unaware of topics discussed during the Iranian President’s visit to Pakistan. However, the media is not aware of the actual situation. This is the first time that even social media kingpins have been forced to remain silent.

At the main reception ceremony of the Iranian President in Islamabad, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif

appeared delighted. He presented himself as composed, graceful, and intelligent. He recited several Persian poems, regardless of whether his pronunciation was accurate.

The leaders of two neighboring countries have agreed on two critical points. First, both countries have decided to ban all terrorist organizations, which will significantly impact some specific groups. Second, the leaders have agreed to tighten their respective borders to prevent any infiltration from either side.

The second point of discussion is the desire to boost bilateral trade between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia to $10 billion. This goal can be achieved by trading oil and gas between the two countries. 

However, due to the strained relations between America and Iran and the fact that Saudi Arabia doesn’t appreciate Pakistan’s friendly ties with Iran, it seems unlikely to achieve this goal in the current situation.

Before establishing diplomatic relations, Saudi Arabia and Iran had a history of rivalry and even enmity. Saudi Arabia had invaded Yemen in an attempt to occupy it, but the Houthi forces were able to repel the invasion, forcing the two sides to agree to a truce. Eventually, China mediated between Saudi Arabia and Iran, establishing diplomatic ties between the two nations.

Before Israel attacked Gaza, Saudi Arabia had been ready to formally recognize Israel. However, the sudden attacks by Hamas not only derailed this process but also laid the foundation for a devastating war.

Following Israel’s attack on Gaza through carpet bombing, it became evident that none of the neighboring Arab countries, such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, or the UAE, were actively supporting the Palestinians. In contrast, Iran was the only country that publicly condemned Israel’s actions and provided significant support to Hamas in various forms.

In the meantime, Hezbollah, which is pro-Iranian, posed a threat to Israel’s borders with Lebanon. This month, Israel carried out a bombing of the Iranian embassy in Damascus, which resulted in the death of several of its commanders. It was evident that Iran would retaliate, but the distance between Iran and Israel made it impossible to do so from any other country.

Iran launched missile and drone attacks from its territory, reaching Israel to show its missiles could hit Israel.

Israel retaliated by launching missiles near the nuclear sites in Isfahan; however, this friendly-fire attack reduced the tension. Meanwhile, Israel continues its relentless attacks on Gaza.

South Africa took the case against the genocide in Gaza to the International War Tribunal, but no one supported it nor requested to become a “party.”

It was noted that even Pakistan did not participate in the process against Israel that was initiated by South Africa. For a long time, Naseem Hijazi’s followers have claimed that Pakistan is the leader of the Islamic world and will take action wherever necessary to counter any attacks against Muslims.

The situation in the Middle East is uncertain, but Western countries, primarily led by the United States, are likely to be hesitant to take any firm action against Iran. This is mainly due to the possibility of disrupting the Strait of Hormuz oil passage, which could significantly damage the world economy.

It is believed that Iran has made significant advancements in modern armaments, which could be another reason for concern. The transfer of nuclear technology from the Pakistani nuclear scientist Dr. Abdul Qadeer to Iran has led to the development of missiles that can travel up to 4,000 km, as well as the potential for the creation of nuclear weapons. There were no illusions that scientists working with theologians would be able to achieve such progress.

Iran was able to attain both of its goals despite the efforts of the United States and Israel. However, the International Atomic Energy Agency did not officially declare Iran a nuclear state, nor did Iran conduct any tests of its nuclear weapons. Nevertheless, the global community is aware that Iran possesses atomic capabilities.

Before the start of the Gaza war, Israel’s Prime Minister Netanyahu, who is known for his extremist views, had expressed concern about the nuclear weapons possessed by Iran and Pakistan, stating that they pose a significant threat to Israel’s security. 

He had also previously remarked that if the United States failed to intervene, Iran could face a devastating nuclear attack. However, it is widely recognized that a nuclear attack on Iran would have catastrophic consequences, not just for the country but also for the entire planet. The use of atomic weapons anywhere would mark the beginning of the end for humanity.

Currently, two rulers in the world are considered extremist and dangerous: Benjamin Netanyahu and Narendra Modi. Netanyahu’s political position weakened during the elections, leading to his defeat, while Modi’s remained stable.

The first phase of elections has taken place in India, with the remaining four to be completed by June. The results of the election will be announced on June 4, 2024. To ensure victory, the BJP has displayed a map of United India (Akhand Bharat) inside the new Parliament House. This map was created by the radical Hindu theocrat or scholar Savarkar in the 1940s.

Modi publicly shared a map of India that includes present-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Tibet, Myanmar, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.

According to historical records, Akhand Bharat was established for the first time around two thousand years ago during the reign of Ashoka the Great. Although he initially followed Hinduism, he later abandoned it and embraced Buddhism. His teacher, Kautilya Chanakya, also known as Professor Chanakya in Pakistan, was a political strategist who conquered most of South Asia.

“After two thousand years, Narendra Modi has once again demonstrated the possibility of a united India by securing a two-thirds majority in the elections. 

However, his ultimate goal is to amend the constitution Nehru created by obtaining 400 seats in the parliament and transforming India into a Hindu Republic instead of a Republic of India.

If Narendra Modi succeeds in his goal, India will be thrown into such internal turmoil and civil war that it could be disintegrated, and its rapid development process will be destroyed. The Congress is too weak to resist Modi’s dangerous ambitions and cannot hinder his designs.

India’s secular constitution results from the efforts made by Nehru, who instructed the Dalit or Shudra jurist Dr. Ambedkar to frame the constitution immediately after India gained independence. The constitution that Dr. Ambedkar framed does not discriminate against any caste, race, or language. 

However, there are concerns that Modi’s government wants to replace the current constitution with a new one that would establish Ram Raj, which could endanger the principles of secularism and equality enshrined in the current constitution.

In the past, the Bharatiya Janata Party strongly initiated the Hindutva movement when Ziaul Haq changed the constitution in 1973 to transform it into an Islamic-based system. 

Following this, the RSS leaders made a statement that if Pakistan can be an Islamic Republic, then why can’t India be considered a Hindu Republic? Observing how many seats Modi gets in the upcoming elections in June 2024 will be interesting.

We should consider the goals of the Iranian President’s visit to Pakistan following the departure of the high-level Saudi delegation. Will Saudi Arabia fulfill its promise to invest in Pakistan’s projects in a few weeks, or will it back out due to the Saudi Crown Prince’s apparent preference for India?

The United Arab Emirates has a strong affinity for India, as evidenced by its decision to allow the construction of the world’s largest temple in its country. 

On another note, there has been speculation about the motives behind America’s support for Pakistan in international financial institutions. Some wonder if this support is intended to create distance between Pakistan and China or if there are other reasons behind it.

It is uncertain who is mediating between Iran and Saudi Arabia. While some have speculated that Pakistan may be involved, it is unclear who specifically is leading these efforts. Shehbaz Sharif has not demonstrated any particular aptitude for this type of diplomacy, and no other apparent candidates have the necessary skills and experience.

This can be accomplished through the Pakistani army chief. Later, once the objectives of President Raisi’s visit become apparent, commentators can offer their opinions on them.

The article was originally published in Daily Intekhab, translated by the Bolan Voice team, and is republished with special thanks.

Vietnam moment?

By Aasim Sajjad Akhtar

It has been half a century since the humbling of the world’s mightiest military, the US army, by

Vietnamese guerilla warriors. It was, by all accounts, the most tumultuous defeat in the history of modern empire. If the Viet Cong routed US troops in the trenches, Washington lost the battle for hearts and minds at home. The anti-war movement which raged on American university and college campuses for a decade from the mid-1960s was amongst the biggest popular mobilizations in US history. The movement signified a moral defeat for US imperialism arguably as significant as its military defeat on the actual battlefield.

The eruption of student protests on American university campuses against the US-backed Israeli genocide of Palestinians in Gaza has invited comparison with the Vietnam antiwar movement. A violent clampdown on peaceful students at Columbia University has triggered a wave of uprisings across the country, magnifying the extent to which young Americans oppose the Biden administration’s unconditional support for Zionist pogroms.

Peaceful protests against the Israeli war machine and complicit Western governments have been ongoing in many Western countries, but the violent reaction of university administrators and the state’s coercive apparatus in recent days makes the current moment feel increasingly like that of the iconic late 1960s. That moment was generational: young people in the ‘advanced’ Western world were mobilizing not only against imperialist war in Vietnam and other theatres of the Cold War, but also in support of revolutionary movements and decolonization in Latin America, Asia and Africa, whilst rebelling against racism, sexism and capitalism at home. The violent reaction of the US and other Western states to these movements was complemented by an all-out vilification campaign by corporate media.

Similarly, beatings and arrests of student protesters — and many faculty members — in the US right now have been accompanied by a media campaign decrying them as anti-Semite. This trope has been commonplace since the latest ethnic cleansing operation began in Gaza, but has ratcheted up significantly of late.

Benjamin Netanyahu himself put out a video message spewing a series of orchestrated lies about attacks on Jewish students and the congruence between the current protests and those on campuses in Nazi Germany. The Israeli state has a matchless capacity to produce outrageous propaganda, but this feels different — the campus protests have rattled Tel Aviv and Washington. Indeed, the Columbia-inspired student movement confirms that peaceful protests are not dissipating, the panicked and violent reactions provoked suggesting weakness rather than strength.

Time will tell whether pro-Palestinian sentiment can match the longevity of the Vietnam antiwar movement, but the global movement in solidarity with Palestine is coeval with deepening politicization on many systemic issues that make ruling classes everywhere tremble.

Take the climate crisis. A wide cross-section of young people is resisting the various forms of capital accumulation destroying ecosystems and threatening the future of human life. Youth icons like Greta Thunberg, who was until recently perceived to articulate a relatively harmless environmentalist position, has come out strongly in favor of Palestinians — and, it should be noted, our very own Baloch long march — thus underlining the growing pull of anti-imperialist and anti-capitalist internationalism.

History never repeats itself in linear fashion, so there can be no question of seamlessly mapping our current moment onto the late 1960s and early 1970s, especially given the widespread appeal of right-wing politics in our times. But alongside the emergent student movement in the US, a not insignificant number of governments have also called out Israel’s genocidal war against the Palestinians, and in some cases, like Iran, openly defied the so-called liberal world order. Much, however, remains to be done, because domestically Iran and others opposing Israel and its imperialist patron are not pro-people havens to be championed.

In Pakistan too, young people are increasingly politicized about the entrenched military-industrial-media complex and mainstream parties that meekly take on and then are deposed from power.

If nothing else, the Feb 8 poll suggests that one can protest via the ballot, and there appears every chance that this is what ordinary Americans opposed to Washington’s support for Israel will do in the US presidential elections. The problem is that defeat for Genocide Joe would bring another staunch friend of Zionism, Donald Trump, back to power. To truly make the present one a Vietnam moment, the world’s oppressed will need to break this and many other similar vicious cycles.

Published in Dawn

Balochistan’s reconciliation policy and rising concerns about insecurity

By Abdul Ghani Kakar 

Despite the government’s claims, the national policy of reconciliation in Balochistan is contradictory.

Attacks on ex-militants who have surrendered and joined the mainstream have alarmed those who recognize the government’s legitimacy.

According to several observers who closely monitor the political and security situation in the Pakistani province of Balochistan, the ongoing insurgency in the region could escalate if adequate measures are not taken to guarantee the safety of those who have surrendered.

Last week, Gul Khan Mandarani Marri, a former senior commander of the Baloch militant group, was shot and killed in an attack in the Kahan region of the province. Gul Khan Marri had previously led a banned armed outfit in Kohlu and surrounding areas but later surrendered.

The house of Ismail Pahari, Gul Khan’s close aide and commander, was attacked in Dera Bugti. Seven people, including his nephew Gujar Bugti, were killed.

Effects of Balochistan’s National Reconciliation Policy 

In the past few years, there have been several attacks on the families of former separatist militants who have surrendered in different areas of the province, including Quetta. These attacks have been carried out by the opposition, resulting in the deaths of several family members.

In 2015, the provincial government in Balochistan approved the Peaceful Balochistan National Reconciliation Policy, which granted general amnesty to members of banned organizations involved in anti-state activities.

Since the implementation of the reconciliation policy, many militants from different troubled areas of the province have surrendered and joined the national mainstream. According to government data, over 3,500 Baloch militants have joined the national mainstream since 2007.

Among those who surrendered were many individuals who played a significant role in the ongoing separatist movement in Balochistan.

Security Concerns of Mainstream Militants 

A former militant commander, who resides in a remote area of the province and prefers to remain anonymous, has reported that due to the recent surge in attacks by opposition groups, individuals who have joined the national stream are feeling increasingly insecure.

In an interview with DW, he expressed concerns over the activities of banned organizations, stating that they are trying to disrupt their efforts. He added that many members of their group have suffered casualties in attacks. 

He also emphasized the importance of creating favorable conditions for militants who wish to surrender, stating that doing so is necessary to restore the confidence of the disgruntled Baloch leaders in the government.

He added, ‘Most of us joined the mainstream because we learned the facts. The decision to live a peaceful life for the safety of ourselves and our families was not wrong, but the situation here today…I don’t think that’s satisfactory.’

Youth in armed struggle

Abdullah Khan, the head of the Pakistan Institute for Conflict and Security Studies based in Islamabad, states that militant organizations in Balochistan are targeting individuals who have surrendered their weapons. This ensures that the government’s reconciliation process does not impact other militants.

During an interview with DW, he stated there has been a notable shift in the strategies employed by organizations such as the BLA and BLF in Balochistan since 2017. Previously, the separatist groups were led by chiefs, nawabs, and other tribal leaders influenced by their elders. However, the movement is now being controlled by young field commanders.

Abdullah Khan mentioned that the conflict of rights in Balochistan has become a complicated issue, and the government’s measures have not produced any substantial results in resolving it. 

He pointed out that the Baloch youth is increasingly joining the anti-government armed movement, and there are no government initiatives to protect the province’s youth from potential harm caused by such groups.

According to Abdullah Khan, the ongoing attacks on former militants who have surrendered indicate that they are not receiving protection under the reconciliation policy. If the rehabilitation and protection of those who belong to the national stream are not given special attention, the insurgency in the province will continue to grow. This wave of violence may escalate even further.

What are the goals of the resistance movement in Balochistan? 

Mir Khuda Bakhsh Marri, the head of the Pakistani Baloch Unit and former provincial minister of Sindh, believes that political leaders are critical in resolving Balochistan’s long-standing issues.

In an interview with DW, he mentioned that the reconciliation process in Balochistan is not producing the desired outcomes due to a lack of sincere efforts and focus on rebuilding confidence. The resistance movement in the region is under the influence of self-exiled leaders who played a significant part in the process, but their influence is declining.

Khuda Bakhsh Marri believes that the resistance movement in Balochistan is not aimed at securing the people’s rights but serves a different agenda. 

He states that the banned organizations in Balochistan have always been critical of mainstream politics and do not support reconciliation. These armed organizations have never discussed the issue of rights but have always advocated for secession. Although the government has adopted a policy of reconciliation, it needs to take adequate measures to address its shortcomings.

The article was originally published in DW Urdu, translated by the Bolan Voice team, and republished with special thanks.

Hinglaj fair is a Hindu festival celebrated in the mountainous region of Balochistan

By Comrade Sammo Baloch

Balochistan has a diverse population of multiple faiths and ethnicities, mostly Baloch. The area has been

influenced by various religions, including Hinduism. Hinglaj Mata, located in the Lasbella district, is a highly revered Hindu temple worldwide.

The start of Hindu pilgrims’ religious rituals in Balochistan is marked by the ascent of steep mud volcanoes.

Devotees climb hundreds of stairs or clamber over rocks to reach the summit. They toss coconuts and rose petals into the shallow crater while seeking divine permission to visit Hinglaj Mata, an ancient cave temple. This temple is the focus of their three-day worship.

The dramatic surroundings of Hingol National Park in Balochistan province are the setting for the region’s most significant Hindu festival, Hinglaj Yatra, which started on April 26, 2024, and ended on the 28th. Organizers informed the media that more than 100,000 Hindus participated in the ritual.

Muslim-majority Pakistan is home to 4.4 million Hindus, just 2.14% of the population, and Hinglaj Mata is one of the few Hindu sites that continues to draw large numbers of pilgrims every year from across the country.

Muslims and Hindus generally live peacefully in Balochistan. Most Hindus view this region as their spiritual home and feel a natural bond with it. 

Hindus believe that Hinglaj Mata is where the remains of Sati, the goddess of marital felicity and longevity, fell to the earth after she ended her life. Maharaj Gopal, the temple’s most senior cleric, explains why people flock to it.

“It is the most sacred pilgrimage in the Hindu religion,” said Gopal. “Whoever visits the temple and worships accordingly during these three days will have their sins forgiven.”

The journeys begin hundreds of kilometers (miles) away, mainly from the neighboring Sindh province. Hundreds of packed buses set off from cities like Hyderabad and Karachi, traveling along the Makran Coastal Highway in Balochistan.

Similarly, thousands of Hindus throughout Balochistan travel to Hinglaj Mata on the eve of their sacred days to purify themselves from their sins. 

But there’s scant parking and vehicular access to the holy sites, so many pilgrims disembark and complete their travel by walking over parched and rocky terrain, sometimes barefoot and carrying children or luggage.

The main road leads to the mud volcano, which is a few kilometers (miles) away, and then it is almost 45 kilometers (25 miles) to Hinglaj Mata.

The winds are creating desert-like conditions, churning dust that is getting into people’s eyes, noses, and mouths. Despite this, the pilgrims still maintain their festive cheer, wearing brightly colored apparel that stands out against the arid landscape. However, the strong gusts distort people’s celebratory cries of “Jai mata di” and “Jai Shiv Shankar.”

Seeta Kumari, 28, visited the temple for the first time with her husband. “We have yet to conceive a child after six years of marriage, so we are hopeful for help from the goddess,” she said. “We believe that no one returns empty-handed. All wishes are granted by Hinglaj Mata.”

The Hindu festival brings Balochistan’s park to life. Hundreds of stalls spring up to sell snacks, drinks, jewelry, and clothing. Vats of hot food are prepared in the open air or thatched huts. Pilgrims purchase coconuts, confectionaries, flowers, and incense for ritualistic offerings.

Santosh Kumar, 45, wanted to express her gratitude to Lord Shiva, one of Hinduism’s three most important deities. “He blessed our family with a grandson,” Kumar said, gesturing toward the boy beside her, cradling his baby sibling. “We prayed for a grandson during last year’s festival.”

Hinglaj Mata thrums with activity, even after dark. Fairy lights and other decorations adorn the shrine, and pilgrims jostle for position in front of it, sometimes holding up babies so the deities can bless them. Stewards urge them to pay their respects and move along.

The park’s Hingol River provides Hindu pilgrims with the opportunity for ritual bathing, like the Ganges in India.

Although there is no ban on Hindu worship in the Balochistan region, openly practicing the faith is not common in other parts of Pakistan because of fundamentalism. In particular, Hindu sacred sites have been vandalized and torched multiple times in Punjab by extremist groups. Such actions do not represent the true essence of any religion, including Islam.

Travel restrictions and hostile bureaucracies essentially keep Hindu people from crossing the border of Pakistan from India for leisure, study, and work, although the countries sometimes make exceptions for religious pilgrimages, usually for India’s Sikhs.

The decades of political hostility present a challenge for the minority Hindu community, as many in Pakistan equate Hindus with India. Meanwhile, this notion, in Balochistan and among Balochs due to a secularist ethos, exists on the most minor level compared to other provinces in Pakistan. 

Versimal Divani, the general secretary of Hinglaj Mata, lamented that only Hindus in Pakistan can attend the festival.

“According to Divani, as Pakistani national Hindus, we are allowed to visit this temple. However, foreigners are not permitted to enter. This policy does not apply to Hindus from other parts of the world. I request that the Pakistani government issue visas to foreign Hindus so they may also come and seek blessings here. This will promote people-to-people contact and contribute to the regional economy.”

We miss you Kamanchar Baloch

By Qumber Parvez

Kamanchar Baloch was born on November 25, 1998, in Meeran Got, Malir. Though he hailed from

Jalalabad Mahar Bazar Mand, District Kech, his journey led him far beyond his hometown. Originally named Sarwar, he later adopted the names Kamanchar and Nako, becoming widely recognized by these names. His early years were marked by hardship; his father passed away in 2003, leaving him to navigate life’s challenges with resilience.

Despite facing adversity, Kamanchar pursued education with fervor. He started schooling in Mand and later ventured to Karachi to pursue higher studies at Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University, Lyari. While pursuing a Bachelor of Science in English, his heart remained captivated by the allure of Balochistan’s beauty. 

During this time, he discovered his passion for photography, capturing the essence of his homeland with a Nokia mobile phone, the tool he wielded with skill and dedication.

Kamanchar’s love for Balochistan permeated every aspect of his life. He sacrificed his academic pursuits to capture the region’s natural splendor, sharing his images on various social media platforms to showcase the untamed magnificence of his homeland. 

Despite using modest equipment, his photographic prowess drew widespread admiration, with many marveling at the quality of his images, unaware of the simplicity of his tools.

In 2015, Kamanchar’s talent caught the attention of a benefactor in Dubai, who gifted him a Canon PowerShot SX400 IS camera, enhancing his ability to immortalize Balochistan’s landscapes. 

Despite his burgeoning success in photography, Kamanchar remained humble and dedicated, continuing to hone his craft.

His journey led him to Lahore, where he briefly pursued studies in photography, driven by a relentless pursuit of excellence. Although his formal education was brief, his passion and innate talent spoke volumes, earning him admiration from peers and mentors alike.

Kamanchar’s commitment to his craft knew no bounds. He traversed vast distances on foot, braving the elements to capture the essence of Balochistan’s rugged terrain. His dedication was matched only by his resilience as he battled various health issues, including eye, skin, and stomach ailments, with unwavering determination.

Despite his talent and perseverance, Kamanchar faced financial hardships, resorting to selling his photographs to cover medical expenses. 

Despite his contributions to showcasing Balochistan’s beauty, the public and government offered little support, leaving him to grapple with his challenges alone.

Tragically, Kamanchar’s journey came to an untimely end on April 16, 2024, at a hospital in Karachi, where he succumbed to complications from his longstanding stomach ailment. His passing left a void in the hearts of those who knew him, as Balochistan lost one of its most ardent champions.

As we reflect on Kamanchar’s legacy, let us not only mourn his loss but also celebrate his indomitable spirit and unwavering dedication to showcasing the beauty of Balochistan. 

May his photographs serve as a lasting testament to Kamanchar Baloch’s love for his homeland, inspiring future generations to cherish and preserve its natural wonders. Let us honor his memory by supporting and uplifting the talented individuals who, like Kamanchar Baloch, dedicate their lives to showcasing the splendor of Balochistan.

Fencing in Gwadar implies displacement of indigenous Balochs: Dr. Mahrang Baloch

Bolan Voice Report

Dr. Mahrang Baloch, a leader of the Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC), expressed serious concerns over the

fencing of Gwadar city, stating that it could lead to the displacement and marginalization of the local population.

Dr. Mahrang stated that the fencing of Gwadar city is a troubling attempt to displace and dispossess its indigenous people as part of a broader initiative against them.

In 2020, the Baloch people opposed a particular project, which was temporarily suspended due to their resistance. However, there are still concerns about the potential long-term consequences of the project. The use of coercive measures could lead to the alienation of communities and raise concerns about planned demographic changes. This may lead to the Baloch people becoming minorities in their land.

Dr. Mahrang has criticized the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project, stating that it has failed to benefit the Baloch nation and has instead contributed to their marginalization. 

According to her, the fencing of Gwadar City has raised concerns that CPEC intends to marginalize the local population, leading to fear and insecurity. She further explained that this has only deepened divisions and further oppressed the community, with natives feeling confined to a mere security zone.

Dr. Mahrang emphasized that forced displacement is one of the most severe human rights abuses committed by the state. She stated that the Baloch people are being uprooted from their ancestral lands and forced to live as migrants. This has resulted in oppression and violence, making it a challenging situation for them. 

Despite these difficulties, the Baloch people remain unwavering in their commitment. However, the local population’s plight is being ignored in Gwadar’s city, where another attempt is being made to fence off the region.

Dr. Mahrang made a solid call to action, stating that the Baloch people were determined to resist any attempt by the state to divide their land. 

She emphasized that such divisions only deepen marginalization and perpetuate injustice. The conscious Baloch nation is committed to never allowing these barriers to be imposed on their land.

Due to the frequent insurgent attacks in Gwadar, security authorities have decided to restart a previously suspended fencing project around the port city. However, the local population and other Baloch spheres, including politicians, have opposed this town enclosure. They are concerned that such measures will lead to the displacement of the local people. Additionally, they believe the fencing will limit their movement and other activities, so Balochs disapprove of installing barriers around the city.

Investigation suggests ex-MP Anwar-ul-Haq Kakar’s involvement in wheat import scandal

By Tariq Baloch

Significant progress has been made in the investigation into the wheat import scam. The report reveals

those who granted exemption on customs duty and GST and how wheat traders played game worth billions of rupees.

In the wheat import scandal, the finance ministry provided recommendations to the private sector. Wheat traders were involved in a multi-billion-rupee scam. The report revealed that wheat imports were exempted from customs duty and GST, and former caretaker prime minister Anwar-ul-Haq Kakar approved it.

The report suggests that the Ministry of Commerce and TCP ignored essential suggestions from the Ministry of National Food Security.

The report revealed a systematic plan to import additional wheat, losing over 300 billion rupees. However, 2.45 million tons of wheat were still imported despite producing 28.18 million tons.

The PASCO and provincial departments can purchase 5.87 million tons of wheat instead of the required 7.80 million tons. The Ministry of Food Protection is investigating the private sector’s involvement in importing more than five million metric tons of wheat. The committee will submit its report to the Prime Minister in two weeks.

The Prime Minister, Shehbaz Sharif, has formed a committee to investigate the wheat import scam, which has appointed retired Justice Mian Mushtaq as its head. The federal government also formed a separate investigation committee.

It has been reported that the Federal Government defined the Terms of Reference (TORs) for the Wheat Import Committee during the Caretaker Government. The committee has been tasked with investigating the loss of billions of rupees to the country’s exchequer resulting from unnecessary wheat imports. 

Additionally, the committee will examine the role of the Ministry of Food Security and the private sector’s import of more than 3.5 million metric tons of wheat.

Circumstances indicate that some individuals who claim to be ultra-patriotic and oppose opposing voices are involved in corruption and stealing national resources. This is particularly true for politicians from Balochistan who make loud pro-establishment statements while neglecting their duties. Awar-ul-Haq Kakar’s case is a prime example of this issue. 

The situation of politicians in Balochistan, whether at a national or provincial level, is concerning. Many lack honesty, sincerity, and competence and are involved in corruption with an ulterior section. This trend is not only affecting the stability of the province but is also undermining the foundations of the country.

How do domestic solar panels affect public electricity costs?

By Tanveer Malik 

Pakistan has witnessed a staggering surge in electricity rates over the past few years, with the base tariff

skyrocketing by 90 to 100% across various slabs. This drastic increase has significantly burdened the general public, making it a pressing issue that needs immediate attention. 

Electricity tariffs have recently increased, and consumers now face an additional monthly fuel aid adjustment surcharge. Besides, this overcharging is due to the costly electricity production in Pakistan, which involves expensive contracts with private power generation companies.

According to certain agreements, the government must compensate energy companies for producing more electricity than needed, even if there is no demand in the country. This compensation, known as capacity payment, is ultimately passed on to consumers through their energy bills.

As the cost of conventional electricity continues to rise, Pakistan has witnessed a notable surge in the adoption of solar panels for electricity generation in recent years. 

Recently, there has been a rise in the demand for solar panels that generate electricity from sunlight in different parts of Pakistan. These panels power various things, ranging from domestic households to tube wells and industries in the agriculture sector.

Recently, rumors circulated on social media that the government plans to tax households that generate electricity using solar panels, which caused concern among many individuals.

According to recent news reports, the Power Division of Pakistan has sent a summary to the government proposing a tax of Rs 2,000 per kilowatt on domestic and commercial consumers who generate their electricity through solar panels. This proposal has sparked concerns among those who have invested in solar energy to reduce their reliance on the national grid.

However, the government has categorically denied such reports. In a statement issued by the Power Division, it was clearly stated that there is no truth to the news of a fixed tax being imposed on solar power.

The Power Division stated that the Central Power Purchasing Agency did not send any such summary to the government.

“The current net metering system promotes an unhealthy investment in solar energy. Wealthy individuals are installing an abundance of solar panels, causing a burden on the government of Rs. 0.90 in subsidies for domestic and industrial consumers. This burden negatively impacts poor consumers, about Rs 20.5 billion. If this trend persists, the bills of these poor consumers will increase by at least three Rs 3.35 per unit in the next two years.”

According to the statement, the Net Metering Policy 2017 aimed to promote alternative energy in the system. After 2017, solarization increased rapidly, which needs to be balanced.

The Power Division statement stated that the 2017 policy could not be fully implemented due to required amendments and additions to rates and regulations over time.

Power Division is closely reviewing the system to relieve people with low incomes and the 150,000 to 200,000 net-metered customers and protect their investments.

What is the government’s commitment to IPP agreements? 

In Pakistan, electricity is generated from various sources, including hydroelectricity from government-owned WAPDA dams and more from Independent Power Producers (IPPs) operating in the private sector.

According to the agreements with these companies, the government pays them when the electricity they generate is used. However, the government has to pay these companies even for the unused electricity, known as capacity charges.

Energy experts have flagged net metering, a key factor in solar power adoption, as a significant issue. While a commendable policy, the government’s obligation to purchase surplus electricity from solar power producers places a substantial financial strain.

Rao Aamir has stated that the government is facing an issue with solar panel customers. These customers usually belong to areas with well-established power transmission systems and low line losses. Such customers consume 500 to 700 units of electricity per month, and collecting payments from them is relatively more straightforward.

According to him, those who remain on the National Grid consume less electricity and receive lower power bills. To illustrate, he gave the example of three out of ten passengers in a van who purchased their own car, leaving the remaining seven to bear the cost of the van’s rental.

According to reports, the government has to pay capacity charges even when wealthy individuals install expensive solar panels and generate their electricity, which they then sell back to the government via net metering. Instantly, this burdens the government as electricity companies have to pay for the total amount of electricity, regardless of whether it is used.

How much has the trend of solar energy grown in Pakistan? 

Pakistan has experienced a rise in the adoption of solar energy in recent years.

According to Mustafa Amjad, a program manager at Renewable First who is an expert in the energy sector, solar energy is a newly emerging trend in Pakistan. It has been experiencing growth at a time when electricity prices in the country are on the rise. Mr. Amjad shared this information in an interview with BBC Urdu.

He explained that the proposed tax is related to net metering, a system where the electricity generated from solar panels is sold back to the government. 

He added that only wealthy individuals can afford to install solar panels and benefit from net metering, as the initial cost is relatively high.

He said no official data on the number of people using solar panels in the country is available.

The article was originally published in BBC Urdu, translated by the Bolan Voice team, and is republished with special thanks.

How America Controls the World’s Economies with Credit?

By Comrade Sammo

As Karl Marx said in “Fake Money Capital”: In a small, poor village, everyone was trapped in debt, and

living by borrowing. Suddenly a rich tourist comes into town, checks into a hotel, puts $100 at the front desk, and goes upstairs to check out the rooms, so he can choose the right room for himself.

At the same time, taking advantage of the opportunity, the hotel owner rushes to pay his debt to the butcher with a hundred dollars. The butcher is happy to see these dollars and approaches the cattle dealer to pay off the loan for the cattle he bought on loan.

The cattle dealer goes to a fodder dealer with $100 to pay off his debt. The fodder dealer goes to the truck driver, who brings fodder for the animals from the distant areas.

The truck driver rushes to the same hotel where he went to get tired of the journey, eat and rest, and pay off his debt by giving the hotel owner $100. The hotel owner returns the $100 and places it on the counter, before the rich tourist finishes checking the rooms.

Meanwhile, the tourist doesn’t like the level of the rooms, and he comes down the stairs, takes his hundred dollars from the counter, and leaves this backward village!

No one in this village earned anything. Everyone just cleared their debt…!!

Afghans made Pakistan home to escape war, now many are hiding to escape deportation

By RIAZAT BUTT and ADIL JAWAD

Born and raised in Pakistan to parents who fled neighboring Afghanistan half a century ago, an 18-year-

old found himself at the mercy of police in Karachi, who took his cash, phone, and motorbike and sent him to a deportation center.

Scared and bewildered, he spent three days there before he was sent back to Afghanistan, a place he had never been to, with nothing but clothes on his back.

The youth is one of at least 1.7 million Afghans who made Pakistan their home as their country sank deeper into decades of war. But they’ve been living there without legal permission and are now the target of a harsh crackdown on migrants who Pakistan says must leave.

Some 600,000 Afghans have returned home since last October, when the crackdown began, meaning at least a million remain in Pakistan in hiding. They’ve retreated from public view, abandoning their jobs and rarely leaving their neighborhoods out of fear they could be next for deportation.

It’s harder for them to earn money, rent accommodation, buy food, or get medical help because they run the risk of getting caught by police or being reported to authorities by Pakistanis.

The youth, who had been working as a mechanic in an auto shop since he was 15, spoke on condition of anonymity because he feared arrest and deportation.

He has applied for the same documentation his family has, but he won’t get it. Pakistan isn’t issuing paperwork for Afghan refugees or their children.

“My life is here. I have no friends or family in Afghanistan, nothing,” the young man told The Associated Press. “I wanted to come back (to Pakistan) sooner, but things had to calm down first,” he said, referring to the anti-migrant raids sweeping the country at the time.

Taliban authorities gave him 2,500 Afghanis ($34) once he entered Afghanistan to start a new life. They dispatched him to northeastern Takhar province, where he slept in mosques and religious schools because he knew nobody to stay with. He spent his time playing cricket and football and borrowed other people’s phones to call his family.

Six weeks later, he traveled from Takhar to the Afghan capital, Kabul, then to eastern Nangarhar province. He walked for hours in the dark before meeting with human smugglers hired by his brother in Pakistan. Their job was to get him to Peshawar, the capital of Pakistan’s northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, for $70.

He is relieved to be reunited with his family. But he is vulnerable.

Police have daubed numbers on homes in his neighborhood to show how many people live there and how many have documentation. Hundreds of Afghan families have fled the area since the operation began. There are fewer people to hide among.

Such neighborhoods in Karachi are quicklyhome to tens of thousands of Afghans, but they have no drainage systems, health care, or education facilities. Few women walk the streets, and those who venture out wear burqas, often the blue ones more commonly seen in Afghanistan.

Lawyer Moniza Kakar, who works extensively with the Afghan community in Karachi, said there are generations of families with no paperwork. Without it, they can’t access essential services like schools or hospitals.

Afghans were already under the radar before the crackdown, and rumors abound that Pakistan wants to expel all Afghans, even those with documentation. Pakistan says no such decision has been made.

In another Karachi neighborhood with a primarily Afghan population, people scatter when the police arrive, disappearing into a maze of alleys. A network of informants spread the news of the visits.

Kakar despairs at the plight of Afghans who remain in Pakistan. “Sometimes they don’t have food, so we appeal to the UN to help them,” she said. To earn money or get medical help, they would have previously traveled from such neighborhoods into the heart of Karachi, but they can’t afford these journeys anymore. They’re also likely to be arrested, she added.

Some show Kakar their ID cards from the time of Gen. Zia Ul-Haq, the military dictator whose rule of Pakistan coincided with the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. “They wonder why they don’t have citizenship after 40 years. They don’t share their location. They don’t go out. They live in property rented in someone else’s name.”

Some children were born in Pakistan, have grown up, and have children of their own. ”The children don’t have any identity paperwork. All of them have an undecided future,” said Kakar.

Syed Habib Ur Rehman is a media coordinator at the Afghanistan Consulate General in Karachi. He spends a lot of time in these communities.

“There are empty homes, empty shops,” Rehman said. “Markets are empty. The Pakistanis, we know, disagree with what is happening. They say they have spent a good life with us. Their business has gone down because so many Afghan families have left.”

The Afghans interviewed by the AP had different reasons for never securing their status. Some said they were overseas working. Others didn’t have time. Nobody thought Pakistan would ever throw them out.

Mohammad Khan Mughal, 32, was born in Karachi and has three children. Before the crackdown started, the Afghans ran a tandoor business. Police told him to close down.

“My customers started complaining because they couldn’t buy bread from me,” he said. He and his family went to the southwestern city of Quetta in Balochistan province to escape the raids.

He returned to Karachi a few days later and had no intention of leaving.

“This is my home,” he said with pride and sadness. “This is my city.”

Courtesy to AP

Pakistan and Iran vow to enhance efforts at a ‘united front’ against Afghanistan-based militants

By MUNIR AHMED

Neighbors Pakistan and Iran on April 24, 2024, pledged to enhance efforts at a “united front” against

Afghanistan-based militants, saying their presence poses a serious threat to regional and global security.

The countries, which share a long and porous border, made the commitment in a joint statement issued after a three-day visit by Iran’s President Ebrahim Raisi to Islamabad.

The visit was aimed at mending ties that were strained in January 2024, when each carried out strikes in the other’s territory, targeting militants accused of attacking security forces.

The Iranian president met with Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and other officials, including powerful army chief Gen. Asim Munir.

The joint statement said the two sides “reaffirmed their willingness to enhance cooperation on counter-terrorism and security and to develop a united front against terrorism.”

Pakistan has witnessed a surge in militant violence in recent months, mostly blamed on Afghanistan-based Pakistani Taliban and insurgents who also target security forces in Iran.

Pakistan often says Pakistani Taliban have stepped up attacks since 2021 when the Afghan Taliban came to power. The Pakistani Taliban, known as Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan, or TTP, is a separate group but allied with the Afghan Taliban.

However, Afghanistan’s Taliban government insists it does not allow the Pakistani Taliban — or any other militant group — to use Afghanistan’s soil to launch attacks against any other country. In March 2024, the Pakistan Air Force targeted multiple suspected hideouts of the Pakistani Taliban inside Afghanistan. The Afghan Taliban said the attacks killed eight people and prompted return fire from their forces.

Tehran has also blamed an Afghanistan-based Islamic State affiliate for recent attacks in Iran. The affiliate is also active in Pakistan’s southwestern Balochistan bordering Iran.

In recent years, Pakistan has urged Tehran to take stern action against Pakistani insurgents living inside Iran near the border. They often target security forces in Balochistan, the scene of low-level insurgency by separatists for more than two decades.

Pakistan and Iran also agreed that their common border should be the “border of peace and friendship,” and reiterated the importance of regular cooperation between political, military and security officials to combat other threats such as narcotics smuggling, human trafficking, hostage-taking and money-laundering.

The countries also agreed to expand trade and economic cooperation, pledging to set up new border markets, new border crossings and economic free trade zones.

The two sides also condemned the suspected Israeli strike on April 1, 2024, targeting a consular building next to the Iranian Embassy in Syria which killed two Guard generals and others. Iran responded with unprecedented direct strikes on Israel.

Authorities also said Pakistan and Iran also discussed how to go ahead with their gas pipeline project, which has been on hold mainly because of fears of U.S. sanctions. The project — opposed by Washington as a violation of sanctions imposed on Tehran over its nuclear program — launched in 2013 to supply Iranian natural gas to energy-starved Pakistan.

Published in AP

Despite sanctions on Iran, how China purchases low-cost Iranian oil?

In April 2024, there were calls to tighten restrictions on Iranian oil exports after more than 300 missiles

and drones were launched by Iran against Israel, which significantly impacted the country’s economy.

Iran exported $36 billion worth of oil despite international sanctions in 2024, the highest in six years, says the head of Iranian customs.

In the face of international sanctions, how can Iran export its oil?

China is currently the largest purchaser of oil from Iran, which may provide a clue to the answer to this question. A report by the Financial Services Committee of the US House of Representatives suggests that Iran exports about 1.5 million barrels of oil daily, and roughly 80% of these exports are bought by China.

Why does China buy oil from Iran? 

China, the world’s largest oil buyer, is taking a risk by doing business with Iran due to US sanctions. 

One of the main reasons Iranian oil is popular is that it is not only of good quality but also relatively cheaper compared to other oil-producing countries. However, due to ongoing conflicts and wars worldwide, oil prices on the global market continuously increase. Despite the imposition of international sanctions, Iran is still willing to sell its oil at lower prices, making it a more affordable option for buyers.

China reportedly purchased a historic quantity of oil from Iran, Russia, and Venezuela in the first three quarters of 2023, according to a report published by the global news agency Reuters in October 2023 based on trade data. The three countries sold oil at a low price, which led to billions of dollars in capital savings.

Although it fluctuates, the price of oil in the global market usually remains below $90 per barrel.

According to Humayun Falak, a senior oil analyst at Shahi Coupler Company, Iran has sold crude oil for up to $5 per barrel, compared to $13 last year.

Humayun suggests that Iran’s current situation is not just about Iran itself but also the interests of world powers. China and the United States are currently engaged in a big game, with Iran participating. According to Humayun, China is supporting Iran’s economy, which is leading to increased military and political issues for the US in the Middle East, especially given the recent tensions between Iran and Israel.

In size of teapot oil factories

Experts speculate that Iran and China developed a complex oil trading system to evade sanctions.

Maya Nichol, the Atlantic Council’s assistant director for economic national policy, explains that the critical components of this trading system are small, independent oil refineries that resemble ‘tea kettles,’ fleets of anonymous tankers, and regional banks in China that are not widely recognized internationally.

Iran has several semi-autonomous oil refineries, including ‘Teapot’ and ‘Tea Kettle,’ an alternative to large state-owned factories.

Humayun explained that refineries in the southeastern region of Beijing resemble tea kettles due to their primary facilities.

Smaller oil refineries pose less threat to China than larger state-owned refineries, which need to operate globally and require access to the US financial system.

“Small private factories do not engage in international trade and do not use US dollars for transactions,” Humayun explained to BBC Persian. “They do not require international capital either.”

Unidentified Fleets 

Ocean-going oil tankers can be tracked by software that determines their speed and direction.

Iran and China bypassed the system using tankers with ambiguous ownership and undisclosed locations.

“They do not have to comply with Western laws, including sanctions.” – This means that they are not bound to follow the laws of the Western countries and are also exempted from adhering to the sanctions imposed by them.

Anonymous fleets often turn off their ‘maritime transponder’ identification system, which makes them appear to be somewhere else.

Chinese vessels in international waters are believed to receive oil from fleets that operate in difficult weather conditions, making it difficult to trace the source of the oil.

Humayun believes that this oil transfer process is mainly carried out within the waters of Southeast Asia.

He says there is heavy traffic of oil tankers and cargo between an area east of Singapore and Malaysia.

“The next step involves changing the oil’s identity through ‘rebranding.”

Humayun explains, ‘ It so happens that another ship from Malaysia’s maritime borders departs to deliver oil to Northeast China, and its purpose is to show that this oil is not coming from Iran, but from Malaysia.’ 

According to the US Energy Information Administration, China’s oil exports from Malaysia had increased by 54% in 2023 compared to 2022.

Maya, an analyst at the Atlantic Council, suggests that Malaysia’s exports to China may include Iranian oil, as the volume of exports exceeds Malaysia’s total oil production.

According to news sources, Malaysian and Indonesian authorities seized Iranian oil tankers in July and October 2020 for illegal transfer.

Small banks 

Maya explains that China and Iran do not use the international financial system that the Western world considers. Instead, they use small Chinese banks.

China knows the risks of buying Iranian oil and does not involve its big and important banks in this transaction.

China utilizes small banks with limited international exposure. All transactions are conducted in the Chinese currency to evade the US dollar-dependent international financial system.

Humayun claims that all the money is deposited in Chinese banks with relations with the Iranian government. Iran then uses this money to import products from China, and some of the money goes to Iran.

It is difficult to determine how much money Iran earns from oil sales.

There are reports that Iran utilizes local currency exchange companies to keep trade transactions more confidential.

A possibility of an increase in the oil price

On April 24, 2024, US President Joe Biden approved a financial package for Ukraine, under which sanctions on the Iranian oil industry were also expanded.

The new law states that global ports, ships, and factories that are aware of the US sanctions against Iranian oil but still refine or trade it will be banned. Chinese investment firms will also be subject to these new sanctions, and any oil-related transactions between Iranian banks are not allowed.

Humayun Falak Shahi believes imposing this ban would pose a significant challenge for the United States.

The US administration prioritizes keeping oil prices low over foreign policy.

Iran accounts for 3% of global oil production, producing 3 million barrels daily.

According to experts, if the trade of Iranian oil is stopped, it is likely to cause an increase in world market prices.

Humayun Falk Shahi suggests that Joe Biden is aware that if the United States interferes with Iranian exports, oil availability will decrease, and oil prices will increase in the global market. This, in turn, will increase oil prices in the United States.

He says that Joe Biden would not want to create such a situation before the US presidential election.

The article was originally published in BBC Urdu, translated by the Bolan Voice team, and is republished with special thanks.

Failure of UN

By Shah Baksh Khayal 

The United Nations promotes global peace and security, friendly relations between nations, and

international cooperation to resolve political, economic, and social issues.

The United Nations stopped world wars but failed to prevent conflicts between nations. Its effectiveness in resolving international disputes has been questioned due to ongoing conflicts like those in Kashmir and Palestine. Since the UN was founded, the world has changed significantly.

The United Nations must change according to modern trends to bring harmony and prosperity. Every problem has some causes, and the structural flaw in the United Nations charter is the primary cause of its failure. The role of the Security Council is undemocratic. 

The UN’s outdated charter gives disproportionate power to the five permanent members of the Security Council. Their absolute veto power is no longer relevant and needs to be reformed.

The UN’s credibility is impaired by a lack of digital dependence and limited funding, forcing it to rely on resourceful countries at the cost of decision-making freedom and impartiality.

The UN has been criticized for its inability to solve international issues, including defining terrorism and addressing the conflict in Kashmir. The people of Kashmir await the UN’s intervention to end their suffering.

The United Nations has failed to achieve its main objectives of promoting happiness, peace, harmony, and prosperity. 

Though the UN ended world wars, it has not prevented more minor conflicts and disputes between countries. Some people believe it is headed toward another global conflict. Its charter needs reform and has failed to adapt to the changing world. The UN must take concrete steps to prevent its decline before it’s too late.

Atheism, Agnosticism Deism and Secularism

By Comrade Sammo Baloch

Atheism

The word atheism is derived from the Greek word ‘theos,’ meaning “God.” Atheism, therefore, means

there is no God.

The term ‘atheism’ refers to the belief that there is no God. An atheist is someone who holds this belief. This differs from agnosticism, which is a more uncertain belief that God’s existence cannot be proven. In atheism, it is believed that God does not exist.

Agnosticism 

An agnostic is someone who does not claim to know for sure whether or not God exists or asserts that there is no God.

Terminological Meaning of Agnosticism:

Agnosticism is a philosophical position that asserts that it is impossible to know for certain whether or not a God exists. It holds that humans do not possess absolute knowledge of the existence of God, and therefore cannot claim that a particular entity is God or deny the existence of divine power. This position suggests that human reason is insufficient to determine whether God exists or not.

Deism

Deism is a belief that posits the existence of a God-like entity that created the universe but does not intervene in its day-to-day operations. According to this theory, God is likened to a clockmaker who created the clock, wound its springs, and then left it to run on its own without any further interference.

The universe was created by a divine power and is run by cosmic laws. 

Deism is a belief that there is a divine power responsible for creating the universe and the world. However, this power does not interfere in the affairs of the world. Deists do not believe in the inspiration of divine books such as the Bible or the Qur’an, nor do they believe in miracles or any kind of supernatural work.

Deism portrays God as a divine force that is unconcerned, insignificant, and uninvolved. This universe and life system are now running automatically under the immutable laws of nature.

Secularism

The term “secularism” originated from the Latin word “seculum,” which means “world.”

Secular use of “irreligious” or “unholy” is common but incomplete in understanding theoretical content.

Secularism is an ideology that advocates the separation of religion and sects from all aspects of life, including economic, political, and governmental affairs. It proposes that religion should be confined to a separate sphere, and should not interfere in any other sphere. In essence, according to this view, religion should only be relevant to an individual’s personal life, and not have any role in solving political and economic problems of the society.

If you are a Muslim, your religious practices and rituals should be confined to the mosque or your personal life. Similarly, if you are a Hindu, your religious practices should be limited to the temple and the rituals of your sect. No religious sect should have any involvement in the government or political affairs.

Furthermore, a person who holds the belief that religion and its affairs should not influence government and political matters is referred to as secular.

Here, we introduce the concepts of atheism, secularism, and secularization, encompassing their theories and historical significance.

Summary 

Atheism asserts the non-existence of God, as neither God’s existence nor non-existence can be proven or verified.

According to agnosticism, the existence of God cannot be proved or denied without proof, making it difficult to know whether God exists, or not. 

According to secularism, no religion or sect should have any role in government, political, social, and economic affairs, while one can follow any sect.

These fundamentalist views emerged from skepticism about religion in general, and religious fanaticism, and were particularly influenced by modern scientific thought. This led to a rejection of traditional and unfounded religious beliefs and ethics.

Pakistan’s Political Landscape Dominated by Military Intervention

By Gulab Umid

Pakistan’s journey since its inception has been marred by a significant challenge: the persistent

interference of the military in its politics. This interference has hindered the nation’s ability to achieve political stability despite its initial potential for rapid development. 

During the partition, Pakistan emerged as a relatively strong and stable nation compared to India, with abundant natural resources and fewer geographical, linguistic, and cultural differences. However, the legacy of British colonial rule left a deep imprint on the region, shaping a political system that relied heavily on military control. 

The post-independence period saw efforts to strengthen democratic institutions, including adopting the “Constitution of Pakistan” just two years after independence. However, the country struggled with internal divisions, exacerbated by religious, linguistic, and cultural disparities. 

While India successfully navigated these challenges to maintain unity and achieve remarkable progress, Pakistan remained unstable. The root cause lies in the failure to uphold genuine political and democratic processes, instead favoring a narrative of religious extremism and military dominance.

The theory of Pakistan’s self-created religious extremism undermined secularism and democracy, pushing the country toward authoritarian rule reminiscent of the East India Company era. Consequently, Pakistan was divided into two parts, with secular governance prevailing in Bangladesh, formerly East Pakistan. 

Military intervention undermined efforts to reconcile political differences between major parties like the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Pakistan Muslim League. Even after the restoration of democracy, military influence loomed large, perpetuating a cycle of political turmoil.

Escaping the cycle of military interference requires political leaders to set aside their differences and prioritize national interests over personal agendas. A civilian-led government, free from military influence, fosters democracy and stability. 

Achieving political stability in Pakistan requires a concerted effort to break free from the grip of military intervention. Only through genuine reconciliation among political factions and a commitment to democratic governance can Pakistan realize its full potential and emerge as a stable and prosperous nation.

Phir Chala Musafir “Khyber Pakhtunkhwa…. the land of brave and courageous people”

By Abdul Muttalib Mengal

Dr. Mohammad Mushtaq Ahmad Mangat was introduced to us through his travelogues. We received four

volumes of his travelogues, and upon reading them, we realized that he possesses the skill of creating comprehensive reference material through his passion, deep research, and insightful observations. 

He also provides his opinions based on his study and experience, which keeps the readers engaged and eager to finish the book. This is a remarkable achievement of a successful writer.

I had the chance to read Dr. Mangat’s travelogue about Balochistan. I met him at the book launch event in Quetta, where his books on Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh travelogues were also available. I saw and heard him at the ceremony.

In this article, we will review Dr. Mangat’s travelogue of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Out of all the travelogues I have read by him, this one is the thickest, spanning 560 pages. Its title is “Phir Chala Masafir,” it focuses on Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a region known for its brave and courageous people. Throughout the travelogue, the author provides detailed information about most of the cities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, covering various occasions and experiences.

The book introduces various cities and includes their historical backgrounds. Dr. Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmed Mangat also includes suggestions for their present and future development. The book is priced at Rs 1800 and was edited by Farrukh Sohail Goindi, a renowned left-wing intellectual.

After the author attribution, the book features a long list of writings by Khalid Waqas, Dr. Mohammad Ghayas, Nisar Ahmad, and Asif Jamal, including exciting and informative perspectives and beautiful pictures.

The author’s travel guide takes the reader through Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a region known for its stunning natural landscapes, including mountains, deserts, rivers, forests, and gardens. Along the way, the guide provides historical context and information about the region’s people, cities, and places of interest. This comprehensive guide is informative and authentic, making it an excellent resource for anyone visiting Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Dr. Mangat has utilized various resources, including local people, historical books, the internet, and faxes, to gather information about each city. With this knowledge, he has described the places, history, personalities, people’s lifestyles, and means of livelihood. 

The book is filled with stories of hospitality and bravery of the friendly people of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which can be found on almost every page.

What are a nation’s different stages of life and society, and how do they change over time? In his “Philosophy of History,” Hegel explains that the spirit of a nation is expressed through every aspect of its perception and intention within the limits of a particular idea. This includes its religion, political system, ethics, laws, regulations, scientific arts, and mechanical abilities. These unique characteristics contribute to the nation’s shared identity and distinguish it from others.

Dr. Mangat provided detailed information about various cities, historical sites, scenic attractions, and routes to help newcomers in ancient times. He explained how to reach their desired destination and provided information about the available facilities and potential difficulties.

It is important to note that this book is a travelogue. However, the hard work put into its compilation, along with the inclusion of historical references, also makes it a historical book. To fully appreciate the importance of this book, we can refer to Hegel’s words.

History, in our language, is a term that combines both objective and subjective aspects. Narrating past events increases our understanding of them. Rather, it is important to consider how these two aspects are combined instead of simply treating them as coincidental.

The recording of historical events and the occurrence of historical achievements are both products of the same era. This irrevocable subjective principle is common to both and makes them contemporary. Family monuments and tribal traditions are limited to the interests of the family and clan.

This book is of interest to all readers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa or Pakistan. Dr. Mangat has strongly criticized certain aspects of the book. For instance, a place or city originally named at its establishment lost its historical significance when later settlers renamed it.

During the British era, some personalities in Quetta and Balochistan who contributed the most to the area and society were honored by having cities and roads named after them. However, some of these names have been changed now.

I concur with Dr. Mangat’s opinion that the historical names of cities and streets should remain the same, even if we name new ones after modern heroes and notable figures. As the population increases, we should name new streets and cities proportionally to their construction.

Similarly, the law and order issue in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa remains partially unresolved. In some cities, people are still concerned about the situation. The deteriorating state of law and order, both recently and currently, has had a severe impact on the lives of local residents. The author hopes peace will be restored by implementing a more effective and comprehensive strategy.

Furthermore, we pray for Dr. Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmad Mangat to continue his academic services and wish him good health and safe travels. 

In addition to reading this book, I encourage readers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, mainly those interested in Afghanistan, to swiftly get Dr. Mangat’s books and cultivate a love for reading.

The Digital Divide: Embracing the Promise and Perils of Social Media

By Maheen Lal

In the ever-evolving digital landscape, social media is a powerful tool that transcends geographical

boundaries, fostering interaction and connection among people worldwide. From Facebook to Instagram, from Twitter to TikTok, the plethora of platforms available today facilitates the sharing of information, ideas, and thoughts on an unprecedented scale.

However, amid its undeniable advantages, social media also presents many challenges and drawbacks that warrant careful consideration.

At its core, social media serves as a conduit for disseminating global data, facts, and figures, fostering internationalization, and providing real-time access to valuable information. The exponential number of users, soaring from 2.08 billion to staggering heights within eight years, underscores its pervasive influence on modern society. From personal networking to professional engagement, social media has woven itself into the fabric of daily life, streamlining tasks and enhancing communication channels.

Yet, beneath the surface lies a paradoxical reality characterized by the insidious erosion of time and cognitive faculties. The ubiquitous nature of social media beckons users into a vortex of endless scrolling, leading to the squandering of precious time on frivolous pursuits. Managing multiple accounts and succumbing to the allure of incessant notifications further exacerbates this dilemma, siphoning away hours that could be allocated to more meaningful endeavors.

The pernicious impact on intellectual capacity, memory retention, and emotional well-being cannot be overstated, as individuals are ensnared in a cycle of mindless consumption.

Pakistan’s 71.70 million social media users are emblematic of the global phenomenon, with an estimated 4.95 billion individuals traversing the digital landscape worldwide. Notably, 61.49% of these users fall within the 18 to 34 age bracket, indicative of the platform’s widespread appeal among younger demographics.

Moreover, an increasing number of professionals harness social media for work-related purposes, underscoring its utility as a multifaceted tool for personal and professional endeavors.

However, lurking beneath the veneer of connectivity lies a darker reality characterized by the pernicious specter of depression and anxiety. The curated perfectionism perpetuated on social media platforms cultivates an environment rife with comparison and self-doubt. As individuals meticulously craft an idealized version of their lives for public consumption, the stark dissonance between perception and reality becomes increasingly apparent. The relentless pursuit of validation and affirmation breeds discontentment, fueling a pervasive sense of inadequacy and disillusionment.

In light of these complexities, adopting a nuanced approach to social media usage is imperative, balancing its benefits and inherent pitfalls. By exercising restraint and mindfulness, individuals can mitigate the adverse effects of excessive consumption and reclaim agency over their time and attention. Cultivating a healthy detachment from the curated narratives propagated online enables individuals to appreciate the beauty in others without diminishing their own worth.

Ultimately, social media represents a double-edged sword, offering boundless opportunities for connection and collaboration while exacting a toll on individual well-being and productivity. As we navigate this digital landscape, we must remain vigilant and discerning, leveraging its potential for constructive purposes while guarding against its pitfalls. By cultivating a balanced and intentional approach to social media usage, we can harness its transformative power while safeguarding our mental and emotional well-being.

After all, we live in an era where social media serves as a tool for empowerment and enrichment, provided we wield it judiciously and purposefully.

Glaucoma: An eye disease that robs sight without appearing symptoms

Through appropriate medication or procedures, various eye diseases can be treated. However, some

conditions are challenging to prevent even with proper care and precautions.

Glaucoma, a disease that is becoming increasingly common nowadays, often starts without any symptoms. This makes it difficult to detect until the affected person’s vision has significantly deteriorated.

It is impossible to restore vision after the disease progresses. What are the symptoms of this mysterious disease? How can they be checked in the early stages?

At the same time, it is essential to consider how we can treat this disease.

What is glaucoma? 

Glaucoma is a disease that damages the optic nerve. This damage can lead to vision loss or even blindness if not treated early on.

According to the British National Health Service (NHS), glaucoma is caused by fluid buildup in the eye, which puts pressure on the optic nerve and damages it.

Glaucoma can cause vision loss if left untreated; early diagnosis is crucial.

This disease poses higher risks in people aged 70 to 80, although it can affect people of all ages.

What are the symptoms of glaucoma? 

Early stages of this disease are asymptomatic, requiring experimentation for diagnosis. As time passes, the disease becomes more severe and begins to affect one’s vision. 

Blurred vision and seeing rainbow-like circles around light are among the symptoms of glaucoma, which can even result in the affected person losing their sight.

While the disease can impact both eyes, there are instances where only one eye may be affected.

The disease has a sudden onset and common symptoms.

The following symptoms may indicate severe eye pain: 

Nausea and vomiting, 

Eye redness 

Headache 

Eye tenderness, 

Blurred vision.

When should treatment be sought? 

If you experience any vision problems, it is crucial to immediately seek medical advice.

Early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma are crucial to prevent vision loss. It is essential not to ignore any of the above symptoms and to seek immediate medical attention by going to the hospital.

Types of Glaucoma

Open-angle glaucoma is the most common type, which gradually affects the eye over the years.

Acute angle glaucoma is a rare type of glaucoma. Another type is secondary glaucoma, which can result from other eye conditions.

Congenital glaucoma is a rare type of glaucoma that occurs at a young age and causes the eye to have an abnormal shape.

Why does glaucoma affect the eyes? 

Glaucoma can occur when fluid inside the eye fails to properly drain, resulting in pressure buildup that damages the optic nerve connecting the eye to the brain.

A few factors can play a role in developing glaucoma such as: 

The majority of people over the age of 40 are at risk of developing glaucoma due to age.

Ethnicity: Certain ethnicities, such as those of African and Asian descent, have a higher risk of developing glaucoma.

Family background: If a person’s parents or siblings have had the disease, they are more likely to be affected by it.

Heart problems: People with diabetes or other vision problems are at a higher risk of developing glaucoma.

Regular eye checkups can help prevent glaucoma, while early treatment can slow down its progression.

Glaucoma Screening and Treatment 

The American Optometric Association recommends a comprehensive eye exam every two years to detect eye problems, even if there are no symptoms.

A quick and easy test is available to diagnose glaucoma with minimal discomfort.

If vision loss occurs due to glaucoma, it cannot be reversed. However, treatment can prevent further damage if caught early.

Treatment for glaucoma typically involves the use of specialized eye drops to reduce intraocular pressure, and the specific treatment plan will depend on the type of glaucoma diagnosed.

In addition to surgery, a laser can be used to unblock fluid passage in the eye.

It is crucial to take the prescribed medicines regularly during treatment, as these treatments cannot restore vision.

If anyone in the family has any vision problems, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.

The article was originally published in BBC Urdu and translated into English by the Bolan Voice team. It is republished with special thanks.

Pakistani male-dominated psychology

By Sysed Muzamil Shah

“I have noticed that you are not wearing a dupatta on your head in an Islamic country. I would like to

offer you a shawl that can serve as a dupatta.” In a video clip, a female reporter interviewed a madrasah student, asking for people’s opinions on the support of Palestine.

The reporter boldly stated that clothing should not define religion and that wearing a dupatta is not the only way to express faith. The video has recently gained much attention and received many comments.

A female reporter once asked people in public why they don’t go out to liberate Palestine. In response, a mardarsah’s guy said that Palestine would be liberated later and suggested that the reporter cover her head with a dupatta. The boy offered to do it for her if she didn’t want to.

A discussed guy took off his shawl and tried to put it on a female reporter’s head while she was in front of the camera. The reporter responded firmly to his behavior and deserved praise for standing up against harassment. Society members should empower women to answer and reject such unwanted advances.

Is this an isolated incident where a guy has passively attempted to get a dupatta? Or is it a mentality that the state has invested in for decades, and we are now reaping the fruits of it? 

The answer is that this is not just an isolated event. However, many Pakistani men are not triggered by the thought that they have never done this. Therefore, I am talking about the majority.

To prove a point, I once asked why women are raped, and people blamed their clothing for it. 

In reality, if they come out without asking a man, then they should be raped. If they wear jeans or sleeveless, they invite them to do anything. That is why it is justified that whatever happens to them.

“I conducted a social experiment where I spoke to a young man who identified as a Madrasa student. Unfortunately, in recent decades, certain individuals in our state have developed explosive mindsets.”

These people have progressed in society but are unfortunately seen as unemployable and useless. They have been unable to keep up with the pace and have fallen so far behind that they no longer comprehend the values we have instilled in them since childhood. As we grow older, we are taught to take responsibility for our household and to lead from the front. Moreover, they are willing to do it all, whatever we say.

When children see their father hitting their mother at home, they learn to associate this behavior with gender relations. They may come to view one gender as the oppressor and the other gender as the oppressed. This can have a lasting impact on how they perceive and interact with people of different genders.

That is why true equality cannot exist in our Pakistani society. Consider a child born and raised in a society where men dominate, and from a young age, this child has been taught certain beliefs and values that reinforce this male-dominated culture. 

However, when this child grows up and sees women taking charge, speaking up, and protesting for their rights, it can be a jarring experience. This is because the child’s upbringing has conditioned them to believe that women should not have the same opportunities and freedoms as men. They may be asserting their rights, doing a job, pursuing a profession, or competing with men, but he refuses to acknowledge what I see with my own eyes.

Since childhood, my parents, friends, and relatives have told me the same thing. The reality that I have seen at home should be accurate. However, after falling into a crisis, a person might become a victim of neurosis.

He struggles to find his place in society and has been unsuccessful in securing a job. Unfortunately, he doesn’t feel comfortable working in a traditional office setting. If he were to bring his cultural beliefs into a multinational company, it may disrupt the workplace. His employment aims to fulfill job responsibilities, and we hope he can focus on that.

The number of troubling issues in our society is growing each day. If we believe that our society is progressing, we are mistaken. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, many households are affected by the lack of access to necessities.

Further, men are often taught to suppress their emotions and not cry, which they believe is a characteristic of women.

The second thing is that males are taught they must protect their sisters. They should feel responsible if they leave the store with something or go to meet their friend.

Moreover, she has used her mobile phone and created a social media account without the permission of her male siblings. These actions may have upset them, and the males may feel ashamed. Understandably, they want to protect the things that matter to them, including their relationships. 

However, it’s important to remember that controlling behavior is not healthy or respectful. It’s not fair to keep your partner separate from other people, regardless of gender. Everyone deserves to have autonomy and freedom in their relationships.

In our society, males are not clearing their minds of narcissism. They dictate how their females should look, dress, walk, and make choices in life. However, it’s not up to them to decide. For instance, if a girl says, “I have my shawl,” they shouldn’t tell her what to wear. It’s not their decision.

The problem is that they are questioning who has the authority to decide about her life. Who gets to decide when she gives birth to a child? Why is she not eating? What color should the mark be? Females cannot make all these decisions. We, males, have taken an oath to run this society and will take care of it.

It is unacceptable to silence the voice of any gender. No one has the right to dictate what others wear or how they should behave, and forcing someone to wear a headscarf against their will is a violation of their human rights.

This mentality has led Pakistan to its current situation. The people in question have a complex mix of ideologies, and how to address them is unclear. Such thinkers cannot be sent to Afghanistan, as there is no ongoing war, nor can they be sent to India. They cannot produce or import anything that contributes to GDP or advances science, literature, or scholarship. FATF will catch us there.

What should we do about all this? The state is also beyond their understanding. How can we take this country forward? Our former allies, whether Saudi Arabia or America, have abandoned us at the river bridge. They hold concerts in their countries, liberalize, build new cities, embrace openness, open cinemas, and allow women to drive.

We should make them aware that the issue at hand belongs to them. As a result, we have adopted the mindset that it’s our responsibility to fix them and the rest of the world. In the field of social psychology, this phenomenon is known as collective narcissism.

Collective narcissism refers to an inflated sense of self-importance and positive self-image shared by a group of people. 

In such a scenario, the group members tend to believe that they are superior to others and that their opinions and decisions should be more critical. 

For instance, a collective narcissist may think that they are the world’s leaders and that they should decide how the world should be run.

According to Zaid Hamid, Pakistan’s decisions will significantly impact the world. He once said that Pakistan would land on the moon within five years. Similarly, the majority of men in Pakistan exhibit narcissistic tendencies.

They will say that the entire world is against us. We are so important that a leader came. America told him that we would be wiped out if he stayed here. Throw him out.

The world cannot function without us. We suffer from collective narcissism, convinced that the world should mirror our likes and dislikes.

First, the issue of collective narcissism arises when the element of doubt ends, and people like this come out to implement their morality.

The second issue is the difficulty in adapting to changes in society.

Your confusion is caused by your immaturity, which causes a disconnect between your childhood indoctrination and the reality you face as an adult. The beliefs that were instilled in your mind during childhood are still present and affecting you. Additionally, you are not experiencing any changes or progress in your life.

I was told a false story and advised to avoid chasing after material possessions by the elders.

I was told that justice is observed in society, but here, the one with power takes everything and inflicts harm.

What is the purpose of all these things? They create a neurotic society, which has already happened here. 

Additionally, emotions are often condemned inside the house. Even when a man marries a woman, the mother of the household ensures that the woman who has become her daughter-in-law should not have any emotional bonds with her son.

That is why his mother humiliates him repeatedly. She questions him, ‘Aren’t you ashamed that you went to watch a film alone? Why did you go to the cinema without asking me? You are coming home so late at night. What kind of clothes are you wearing?’ All this ensures the oppressive hierarchy structure of this family. They have created a robot named ‘our son,’ who should not form any emotional bond with anyone, no matter where he goes.

It seems that some mothers believe that by oppressing their sons, they will make them more human. However, if the sons are raised in such a way, they may be unable to obey our robotic orders, and this creates a vicious cycle of oppression in our society. 

It appears that families may be contributing to the problem of extremism by raising men who lack empathy and become mindless zombies. This issue is demonstrated in videos where women are raped. 

Unfortunately, there have been incidents where women have been killed by their family members, such as the recent case where a father and brother killed a woman in her own home.

70% of the men are not condemning sexual violence after incest in such households and instead blame women. 

Suppose there are incidents such as the APS attack, the Taliban’s oppression, or the restriction of education for women. In that case, some individuals may support instead of condemning them due to their lack of emotional intelligence. 

First, the state has taught literature for decades, significantly affecting humans. Second, they were repeatedly told inside the house that emotions or sensitivity had no place in their lives as bodybuilders. They had to show respect by bowing their heads up and down when they went out. There is no reason for you to feel ashamed or embarrassed about anything.

This is due to the prevalence of extremism, which hinders investment, societal openness, and women’s participation in the workforce.

You can’t create a culture in this society where soft power emerges, where the film industry and artists emerge because of extremism. It will have to be banned as soon as a film is made. A drama will be made that must be prohibited on a taboo topic.

Secondly, if you want to increase women’s inclusion in politics, why can’t you do it because of extremism? Why can’t there be peace because of extremism? Why can’t there be tourism because of extremism? There is a cricket match. The entire city of Karachi and Lahore was shut down because of extremism.

Moreover, you can’t think that all society’s problems will end. Just now, I was watching a Turkish series. The actor who played Ertugrul picked up his pet dog and took a picture while making derogatory comments about Pakistanis. This behavior has caused us a lot of embarrassment. We had praised him as our savior, but seeing him sitting with a dog in his room made us feel ashamed.

Did you not feel ashamed before betraying us like this? We are also surprised to discover the kind of incompetent individuals that have been left in our charge. Where were they living before? Where did they acquire their knowledge? Who are these people? The Pakistani youth faces a significant problem as he lacks exposure. He was raised in a sheltered environment and was unaware of the advancements made by the world. He has not been exposed to counter-culture and may lack the necessary skills to adapt to different situations.

He has not read any literature nor had the opportunity to meet people from other ethnicities. In Pakistan, approximately 90% of people below 35 are from Punjab, Upper Punjab, or South Punjab. It raises the question of how many have friends from other ethnicities or provinces. Living in such a bubble can limit exposure to the world, resulting in a restricted perspective.

When you refuse to listen to other perspectives, you may be at risk of developing a violent mindset, and this is inevitable. Therefore, the first step you should take is to broaden your horizons. Invest in your knowledge and education rather than focusing on weapons or violence.

I say that there should be a mass re-education program. All these people who you had created to explode like a bomb, now that those facilities are over for them, so make them human. You know that in 1983 and 1984, General Zia built 12,000 madrasas in only two years.

He did not build them to religiously educate people because they would go and explode in the streets and act on my foreign policy. Our American dollars will go into their pockets.

This was the conviction, and this is the service or destruction of religion, you tell me. So, in this way, if you have systematically destroyed this society, then to revive it, you will have to re-educate these people. There has to be a re-education program for Pakistani men in particular.

If you empower women, you cannot teach a man how to live with an empowered woman. He may not know who that woman is, who speaks her mind, has a career, is employable, and has talents, goals, and aspirations beyond having children.

First, teach Pakistani men to tolerate empowered women. Second, they should be re-educated and taught literature. Tell them that women are not tools, and if they do not wear the clothes of their choice, then do anything with them. Create empathy, teach human rights, and expose them to other cultures to broaden perspectives. Teach Pakistani men that if women do not wear the clothes of their choice, then do not kill them. 

The research conducted by Georgetown University recently revealed that Pakistan ranks 164 out of 167 countries, making it the fourth-worst country in terms of women’s safety and security.

“The fourth worst country” refers to Pakistan, where specific behaviors toward women escalate from simply stopping them from doing something to murder, rape, and even lynching. If we don’t put an end to this hatred, research shows that 70-90% of women in Pakistan will continue to endure abuse in their lives.

The solution to the problem is to re-educate all these men. I cannot stress this enough. Memes are not the solution because they lack attention span and fail to convey the entire message. We need to focus on proper education to bring about lasting change.

In the beginning, they reach the reel after 2 minutes of watching. The solution is to teach empathy and re-educate these men. These men have never interacted with a woman due to their hyper-segregated society, leading them to view every interaction with a woman as sexual. There cannot be a society where no one else exists, which is impossible today.

Investing in literacy is crucial for Pakistan’s development and cultivating a more humane society. To improve the state of education in Pakistan, it is recommended that the ruling authorities declare an educational emergency on a mass level.

Further, religious leaders must be restricted from spreading extremist ideologies. Additionally, women must be given autonomy, and males need to be educated on how to coexist with females peacefully and respectfully.

Society needs to be transformed from fundamentalist to moderate to honor women and their entities and embrace other moderate trends, regardless of the political rulers, whether Imran or Nawaz. 

The Bolan Voice team transcribed the article into English from the social media video on Syed Muzamil Shah’s Facebook account, and it is republished with special thanks.

African History

By Khadija Baloch

Africa, known as the birthplace of humanity, has a history that reverberates across the globe. Ancient

humans, venturing forth, established settlements, agriculture, villages, and cities, thereby shaping the course of civilization.

Cultivating plants or raising animals in humanity’s birthplace was difficult, as forests, swamps, deserts, and steep cliffs were not suitable for growing crops or rearing livestock.

Africa’s rhinos, bison, giraffes, and antelopes were deemed useless for hauling goods and remained untamed.

Jared Diamond has written, “If armies had emerged from Africa that lived on the meat of domesticated giraffes, history would have been significantly different. Waves of raiders, riding on rhinoceroses, would have invaded Europe. The Europeans, who were accustomed to eating goat meat and riding horses, would have been unable to fight them effectively.”

One of the factors holding back Africa’s development today is the prevalence of diseases such as yellow fever and malaria. Public health is a significant challenge due to hot weather, inadequate health facilities, and poor living conditions. This problem is not unique to Africa but is particularly severe in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition to malaria and yellow fever, AIDS has also had a devastating impact on the continent, while mosquitoes and gnats pose further health risks.

The rivers of Africa span from the mountains to the sea and can pose difficulties due to their uneven slopes and numerous waterfalls. The Zambezi River, the fourth longest river in Africa, is a prime example. While its rushing white water and Victoria Falls are popular tourist attractions, the river is unsuitable for trade routes as it runs through six countries and has only a few sections where small boats can navigate.

Unlike Europe, the African rivers do not support trade, which has significantly impacted economic development in the region. The Nile River, Congo River, Niger River, and other great rivers in Africa do not intersect, which has led to isolation among different groups of people in their respective areas. This cultural isolation has further implications for the region.

While Russia, America, and China share a common language, Africa boasts thousands of languages, and no single culture dominates a large region.

One of the significant issues with this continent is that it is geographically isolated by the Sahara, Indian Ocean, and Atlantic Ocean, making it difficult to connect with the rest of the world. Due to this isolation, the exchange of ideas, technology, and knowledge from the sub-Saharan region with the rest of the world has been limited for thousands of years.

During the 6th century, several African kingdoms emerged, including the Kingdom of Mali, which lasted from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century, and Great Zimbabwe, between the 11th and 15th centuries. However, these empires were limited in terms of territory. 

In addition, geographical barriers hindered technology development in the African continent. Many African areas had not yet developed paper or writing, gunpowder, or even the wheel when the outside world arrived.

Traders from the Middle East and the Mediterranean have been trading in the Sahara for over two thousand years, and using camels for carriage was the key to this trade. 

However, the outside world’s involvement in the region began after the Arab conquests of the 7th century. By the 9th century, the Sahara Desert had already been crossed, and in the 11th century, the southern region of Nigeria had established a foothold.

Arabs migrated from the East Coast and settled in Zanzibar and Dar-o-Salaam, now part of Tanzania.

When Europeans first arrived in Africa during the 15th century, they noticed very few natural harbors, unlike in Europe and North America, where the meeting of sea and land results in broken lines and natural deep harbors; in Africa, the coastlines are primarily straight.

It was challenging to venture inland due to harsh weather, disease, and unnavigable rivers.

The Arabs and Europeans introduced new technology and exploited African natural resources, manpower, and skilled labor. 

Slavery has been present in human history since ancient times, but the Arabs introduced a new technique of granting slave contracts to African tribal chiefs. These chiefs would then deliver slaves to the coast. Through this way, during the 15th and 16th centuries, millions of Africans, primarily from the Sudan region, were transported to Istanbul, Cairo, Damascus, and other cities.

The Europeans and their insatiable appetites enslaved people who were delivered through the West Coast. Their treatment was worse than that of the Arabs and Turks.

In the capitals of various European countries, such as London, Paris, Brussels, and Lisbon, maps were created for Africans, and boundaries were drawn to define their borders. Words like Middle Congo or Upper Volta were added to the maps and considered separate countries. However, these lines were drawn without considering the continent’s inhabitants or how they organized themselves. 

Today, many Africans are still affected by the political geography and natural barriers established by the Europeans, which have made them partially bound to their respective countries. Nevertheless, they are overcoming these challenges by building new modern worlds and developing vibrant economies in many places.

The role of philosophy in education

By Shahnawaz Noor

The philosophy of education, a branch of applied philosophy, is a field that grapples with educational

aims, methods, and problems, as well as educational policy, pedagogy, and curriculum. 

It is a field with a rich history, diverse approaches, and various practice models. This intellectual enterprise has deep roots, stretching back to the great philosophers of the Western tradition. Many of them engaged with educational issues, offering many perspectives to explore. 

Peters, teal 2015. Its primary function is to utilize philosophy’s three main branches (Metaphysics, epistemology, and ontology) to explore education’s reality, knowledge, and value. 

In addition to these divisions, there are some relatively minor branches, including the philosophy of physics, the philosophy of commerce, the philosophy of physical education, the philosophy of marriage, and the philosophy of family. These branches are considered minor because they are specific applications of broader philosophical concepts rather than standalone areas of intellectual inquiry. 

However, these are deemed insufficient to constitute standalone branches of philosophy. On a reasonable basis, philosophy determines the real destination toward which education has to go. Education is a conscious, dynamic process that needs proper guidance and supervision. With appropriate guidance and supervision, it can achieve its goal.

Philosophy plays a pivotal role in determining life’s goal and provides suitable and practical guidance and supervision for education to achieve that goal, giving our educational endeavors a clear direction and purpose. 

Without the help of philosophers, education cannot be a successful process of development and achievement. Philosophers provide the theoretical framework and ethical considerations that guide educational practices. Their insights into the nature of knowledge, reality, and value inform curriculum development, teaching methods, and academic policies, making education more thoughtful and practical. As Spencer has rightly remarked—”True education is practicable only by a true philosophy.” 

On the other hand, although the philosophy of education addresses the phenomena of the world’s education, in some regards, in the domain of culture, nation, and religion, its opinions vary or defer. For example, Chinese philosophy emphasizes the importance of harmony and balance in education, while Indian philosophy emphasizes spiritual and moral development. Western philosophy, on the other hand, often focuses on critical thinking and individualism. These diverse perspectives enrich the field of educational philosophy, offering a range of approaches and insights. 

If we look at Pakistan, we see that it follows Western philosophy. Most specifically, we see two angles: From a religious perspective, it follows Islamic norms and culture, while politically, it follows Western philosophy. In educational terms, it has both dialects of Islam and Western philosophy. These different perspectives, or ‘schools of thought ‘, influence educational practices and policies. For instance, the influence of Islamism can be seen in the emphasis on religious education, while the impact of nationalism can be seen in the focus on national identity and values in the curriculum.

The philosophy of education aims to explore and understand various vital schools of thought such as Idealism, Realism, Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Existentialism, Positivism and Constructivism, Humanism, Conservatism, Behaviorism, and their role in education. 

These diverse perspectives offer different opinions on pedagogy, teaching methodologies, content or knowledge, textbooks, and curriculum development, enriching the field with their unique contributions.

Parental involvement in their children’s education: A way to fruitful destination

By Faris Khaliq

It is a well reached fact that, parental involvement in their children’s education is widely acknowledged

that parents play a crucial role in shaping the development and success of their children. Parental involvement goes far beyond attending parent-teacher conferences or helping with homework. It encompasses a range of activities that contribute to a child’s educational growth. From reading bedtime stories to engaging in meaningful conversations about their school day, parents have a significant influence on their children’s education.

First and foremost, parents serve as their children’s first teachers. As infants and toddlers, children rely solely on their parents for knowledge and guidance. Parents who actively engage with their young ones create an environment that stimulates learning from an early age. Simple interactions such as naming objects, singing nursery rhymes, or playing educational games are essential for brain development.

Thus, parents have a unique opportunity to shape their children’s cognitive abilities long before they enter the formal education system. As children progress into school, the importance of parental involvement becomes even more apparent.

According to numerous studies, students with involved parents tend to exhibit higher academic achievement, better attendance records, and a more positive attitude toward learning. When parents show interest and enthusiasm for their child’s education, it can motivate the child to invest more effort and take pride in their accomplishments.

Ultimately, parental involvement is a vital aspect of a child’s educational journey. When parents take an active interest in their child’s learning, they create a solid foundation that sets the stage for long-term success.

Let us all work together to encourage, support, and uplift parents in their noble endeavor of shaping the minds and futures of their children.

The writer is a student at NEST and can be reached at fariskhaliq29 @gmail.com

Mental Illness: A Plight to the Teens and Adolescents

By Ayesha Bashir Ahmed

Mental illness is a concerning issue in Pakistan, which significantly impacts an individual’s thoughts,

perceptions, feelings, and behaviors.

The individual suffering from mental illness may feel unsupported and unheard. Delusions may lead to changes in behavior and extreme hopelessness.

It has been reported that in Pakistan, one in every five individuals – including children and adolescents – suffers from a psychological disorder. Shockingly, more than 75% of these individuals do not receive any form of treatment. 

A scientific research project conducted at the Neuro Computational Lab of Karachi’s Ned University of Engineering & Technology has revealed that the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress have increased among young individuals living in urban areas.

It is alarming that 28% of the population suffers from depression, while 27% and 22% are affected by anxiety disorder and bipolar disorder, respectively.

Anxiety disorder is a prevalent type of mental illness that affects many people worldwide. It is characterized by excessive worry, fear, and uneasiness, and it can result in physical symptoms such as sweating, restlessness, fatigue, poor concentration, and a fast heartbeat. 

According to recent statistics, in 2019, around 301 million people were living with anxiety disorder, including 58 million children and adolescents.

Additionally, individuals suffering from anxiety disorder think that they should not get separated from the person to whom he has strong emotional bonds. Thus, effective treatment exists according to age and severity.

Depression is a common type of mental illness. It is characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest, which can interfere with a person’s ability to carry out their daily activities. Usually, depression is not caused by a single event but rather by a combination of factors.

In 2019, approximately 280 million individuals were living with depression, of which 23 million were children and adolescents. 

Depression can lead to a lack of interest in activities for most of the days, nearly every day, or for at least two weeks. This puts people with depression at a higher risk of suicide.

Bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by significant mood swings, energy fluctuations, and difficulty concentrating, making it challenging to carry out daily tasks.

According to statistics from 2019, around 40 million people were diagnosed with bipolar disorder. This mental health condition is characterized by a range of symptoms, such as increased self-esteem, racing thoughts, talkativeness, and a reduced need for sleep. 

To effectively treat bipolar disorder, it is recommended to undergo psycho-education, reduce stress levels, and improve social functioning.

People with mental illness face stigma from society, being blamed for their condition. 

They are not individuals suffering from mental illness. Even though participating in gatherings could help improve their cognitive abilities, society discourages them from doing so. Mental health patients are often mocked and not treated with the respect and care they deserve.

In brief, individuals with mental disorders require society’s support to overcome their illnesses. Compassionate and respectful treatment can bring about significant improvements in their condition.

Suicide is not the solution

By Tabish Feroz

After witnessing a new trend among people who resort to it as the ultimate solution to their problems, I

have realized that it is not the best approach. It is understandable that not achieving one’s desired outcome, such as failing a test or exam, can be disheartening, but it is essential to remember that suicide is never the answer. 

Unfortunately, suicide continues to be a prevalent issue in our society. People often feel as though they have nothing left to live for after experiencing failure, which causes them to develop a narrow mindset that leads them toward suicidal tendencies.

Throughout history, numerous examples of failure serve as a reminder of what can go wrong. However, these instances have also provided inspirational and heart-touching stories that show us how failure can lead to success.

Consider the case of the renowned figure Thomas Addison, who made 999 attempts before he successfully invented the light bulb. He encountered numerous challenges and difficulties throughout the process, but eventually, he was able to create it and present it to the world.

Jack Ma, the owner of Alibaba, China’s biggest online platform, failed several times before becoming one of China’s wealthiest individuals.

Thirdly, J.K. Rowling received twelve rejections before publishing the first Harry Potter book. 

However, many successful stories begin with failure. These individuals never consider giving up; instead, they contemplate trying again until they reach their goals.

After facing failure and other challenges in our lives, it may feel like suicide is an option, but it’s a harmful act that can permanently damage our futures.

It’s a fact that everyone experiences a sense of awkwardness after a failure, but is suicide really a solution to success? 

I believe not – it only takes away our precious lives. Those who have faced failure may feel depressed and struggle to find a way forward, but instead of giving up, they remain patient and courageous and persevere in pursuit of their dreams.

Indeed, those who have taken their own lives have vanished from history, but those who persevered and remained patient are the heroes of today’s history because they believed in themselves and their success.

They believed that hard work pays off and always sought accurate solutions without ever considering suicide.

Keep in mind that every successful story begins with failure stories. In reality, every beginning is tough to face. However, these bitter beginnings definitely reflect splendid rewards in life. It is rightly said that the fruit of patience is always sweet.

Challenges and hardships are inevitable, but how we face them determines our success.

Failure is an inevitable part of life that teaches us valuable lessons. If there was no possibility of failure, people would not be motivated to work hard. Nobody would strive to achieve the best outcome if everyone knew the best result was guaranteed. Therefore, failure plays a crucial role in teaching us about the reality of life.

Instead of choosing suicide as a solution, seek a way to fulfil the dreams. Remember that courage, perseverance, patience, and dedication are necessary for success.

From chalk dust to dreams

By Gulsameen Nauhani

“Teachers plant the seeds of knowledge that grow forever. In the humblest of classrooms, they nurture

the future with passion, dedication, and an unwavering belief in the transformative power of education.” 

Teachers steadfastly dedicate their lifelong services to students. They spend their time searching for ways to assist and instruct students to prepare them for upcoming challenges.

The same applies to a village teacher but excludes the extra struggle, hard work, and time he must dedicate to his students because a village is deprived of basic facilities. This creates several challenges for both the teachers and students. They often travel barefoot to reach their destination, sometimes even settling near the school, to ensure they arrive on time and share their knowledge.

They lack the proper infrastructure and are often seen studying under the scorching sun with a blackboard, along with some courageous students who accept the most complex challenges related to their studies.

It is arduous for students and teachers in such a scenario, but it’s more grueling for teachers who consume their energy while delivering something to their students.

One of the dedicated teachers, Abdul Ghafoor, who taught at Dasht Primary School Tolaghar, has always been hardworking and dedicated to his students. “I was the only teacher, teaching different subjects to 200 students from 5 different classes; each class had different subjects. I was more concerned about managing my time to prepare all 200 students. Thus, I managed my schedule and often gave them time after school, usually in the evening. This extra hour of teaching frequently created health issues, but I was still focused on them to provide a satisfactory education”, says Abdul Ghafoor. 

Despite these challenges and fewer facilities, Abdul Ghafoor still worked hard for his students. “Although the school lacked facilities and well-trained teachers, the only thing I was concerned about was guiding them in a facile way notwithstanding the ingrowing challenges,” he said.

These rural areas bring many challenges, but a teacher’s commitment to guiding his students in the best possible way is worth appreciating. Hailing from a rural area, I observed the village’s study environment for a few years. The teachers who could neglect the students’ rights and focus on the comfort provided the best secondary socialization to nourish them like parents and instruct them for a bright future and consciousness.

Not least, their dedication has been seen in the triumph and success of many students who got their educational background from those destitute villages and dedicated teachers.

Those students have become able to return the favor of their teachers with their splendid positions.

Mr. Mehmood Amir Baksh, who got his secondary socialization from Government Model High School Turbat, is among plenty of other governmental school students who have vigorously faced competitive candidates, and today he holds the prestigious status of being the Assistant professor of Law Department at the University of Turbat. 

“I have received the best socialization, quality education, love, care, and discipline from my teachers; they have taught me the value of hard work and have built my self-confidence so strongly that I had never considered myself less than the private school students,” he stated. 

“The dedication of teachers has motivated me to serve the youth. That’s why I have chosen the inspiring teaching profession; it has made me capable of being represented at a large peninsula by my students, “he narrated.

Advocate Mehmood Amir and Abdul Ghafoor are the two faces of struggle and commitment. Despite the massive barriers to success, they burned the midnight oil to become equally capable as others. 

Many other students are working twice as hard to become equally competitive as students who have been blessed to walk in a facile way to reach their destination. 

These students should also be considered, and the government should provide the basic facilities to minimize the barriers to their education so they can quickly reach their destinations.

Heart bones

Book Review by Ladain Abubaker

Colleen Hoover’s book Heart Bones was published in 2020. Hoover, an American author, primarily writes

in young adult fiction. Her captivating titles include “11 Ends,” “With Us,” “Confess,” “Verify,” and many others.

“Heart Bones” is a descriptive and engaging novel that delves into the life of a traumatized teenage girl, Begah Grime. Begah Grime has been on her own for as long as she can remember, with an addicted mother and a father who only ever sent child support payments. Begah Grime has learned to make her way in the world by doing whatever it takes to survive.

However, when her mother overdosed and died, she had nowhere to stay. She was forced to call her dad, whom she barely knew. He lives in Texas, a world away from the hardships and deprivation that marked Begah’s early life. Additionally, Begah’s plans were quickly disrupted by her new neighbor, Samson.

Begah and Samson are opposites. Begah had a difficult upbringing and faced many challenges, while Samson was born into a life of privilege and wealth. 

Despite their differences, they have a special bond, and Begah confides in Samson about her mother’s passing and struggles. Begah kept her mother’s death a secret from her father and her volleyball scholarship and didn’t want him to be proud of her or happy about her success. 

Begah always felt distant from her father and thought he didn’t care about her, so calling him felt strange.

Unfortunately, Begah discovers some secrets about Samson, but she can’t stop supporting him. Samson gets arrested for some crimes he committed in the past. She gradually understands the power of love and settles her relationship with her father and step-family, living happily with them.

“Heart Bones” by Colleen Hoover is an exceptional book that delves into the themes of love, resilience, and the intricacies of family dynamics.

Dr. Mubarak Ali’s book “Status of Women in History” a brief review

Book Review by Asif Jameel

The book ‘Tareekh Main Aurat ka Makam,’ which translate as “Status of Women in History,” explores

women’s societal roles and fundamental rights across various historical contexts. It comprehensively analyses their position, social standing, and dynamic role within different eras and discusses the numerous challenges women have faced throughout history.

Women have played a significant role in various domains throughout history. They have actively participated in wars and combats and have often served as peacemakers, resolving conflicts. Their positive contributions to society are admirable and deserving of recognition. Women are rightly seen as efficient and capable heroes.

Although some societies still consider women to be weak and inferior, it is crucial to acknowledge their significant contributions to fields like education, politics, economics, and commerce. 

Women play a vital role in every aspect of life, and if society continues to view them as weak, it is unfortunate for the society in which they live.

Several authors, including Dr. Mubarak Ali, Lerner, Margaret Sanger, Dr. Shah Mohd Marri, and Gulbadan Begam, view women as equal to men and believe that women are the true heroes of every nation.

During World War II, the women of England played a crucial role in caring for and saving every sector of the country while the troops were fighting on the frontlines. 

However, after the war ended, the brave soldiers were rewarded for their gallantry, while the women were primarily neglected, and their contributions were not acknowledged. This is considered one of the most significant injustices in England’s history.

The government has only recently recognized women’s crucial role in ensuring the general election’s success in England.

Throughout history, women have made significant contributions to their societies and countries. The book argues for three key points, the first of which is gender discrimination.

Gender-based violence is a widespread problem that disproportionately affects women. They are often subjected to brutal acts such as honor killings, acid attacks, and rape. 

Gender discrimination and inequality are widespread issues that hinder women from accessing their fundamental rights. In numerous societies, women are frequently deemed inferior to men, and their contributions to society are often overlooked. This pervasive attitude poses a significant obstacle to achieving gender equality.

On some occasions, historians have often neglected women in their societies and communities and focused only on the positive roles of men in their books.

Status of Women in History is a book by Dr. Mubarak Ali that raises awareness about women’s primary position in society.

The book argues about the prestige and insignificance of women. It explores women’s rudimentary roles in history.

Readers are encouraged to read informative books, including “Status of Women in History,” to better understand women’s dynamic societal roles.

Importance of extracurricular in education

By SHAHZAIB NOOR

Enter a world where the energetic discussions of debate teams blend with the beautiful music of

orchestras and the gentle sounds of painting mixed with the lively beats of basketballs.

At this place, students are not limited to learning from written words. They are encouraged to explore new things, ideas, and opportunities. They can participate in sports, join student councils, and join science groups, which help them develop essential skills such as problem-solving, teamwork, and leadership.

Extracurricular activities are essential for students as they offer real-life experiences that complement classroom learning. These activities provide fun and help students develop practical skills for dealing with various life issues. For instance, imagine a young painter fully engaged in her canvas, with brush in hand, immersed in the vibrant colors.

Students embark on self-discovery at the institution in the music hall’s vibrant spaces or the art room’s peaceful corners. These activities reflect their innate interests and abilities rather than just being mere pastimes. They gain incredible confidence by leading an argument or playing an instrument well.

During these times, students develop their sense of self-worth, find their voice, and become ready to face the outside world with a fresh sense of purpose.

Universities seek students with extracurricular accomplishments. These achievements add color to resumes and show leadership and innovation. 

This is how extracurricular activities can help students stand out as unique individuals, allowing them to tell their stories more profoundly and nuance while enhancing social and emotional intelligence. 

These exercises are designed to create communication, comprehension, and empathy opportunities. Students learn to work together, accept differences, build lasting relationships, and not simply coexist. The capacity to empathize and collaborate are essential abilities for achieving success in our interconnected society.

Data and studies suggest that students who participate in extracurricular activities perform better academically. For instance, a student-athlete who combines practice with study can adopt a disciplined approach that benefits both areas.

This balance supports academic performance and personal development while emphasizing the importance of extracurricular activities.

They give children the tools to succeed in school and life, filling their futures with vivid hues of abilities, self-assurance, and character. 

These pursuits are more than just educational add-ons; they are a fundamental component of the academic journey that molds individuals into capable agents who contribute to and navigate the ever-changing world.

Earth has a vast interior ocean, 400 miles under our feet, that creates “ringwoodite” gems

By Eric Ralls

In a remarkable discovery that challenges our understanding of Earth’s water distribution, researchers,

aided by a mineral called ringwoodite, found evidence suggesting the presence of several oceans’ worth of water trapped deep beneath the United States.

Geophysicist Steve Jacobsen from Northwestern University and seismologist Brandon Schmandt from the University of New Mexico made the discovery, which may represent the planet’s largest water reservoir.

Rethinking Earth’s water cycle

Their findings, published in the journal Science, shed light on the Earth’s formation, composition, and the amount of water trapped in mantle rock.

“Geological processes on the Earth’s surface, such as earthquakes or erupting volcanoes, are an expression of what is going on inside the Earth, out of our sight,” explained Jacobsen, a co-author of the paper.

“I think we are finally seeing evidence for a whole-Earth water cycle, which may help explain the vast amount of liquid water on the surface of our habitable planet. Scientists have been looking for this missing deep water for decades,” Jacobsen continued.

Earth’s mantle has remarkable secrets

Scientists have long speculated about the existence of water trapped in the Earth’s mantle, located between the lower and upper mantle at depths of 250 to 410 miles.

Jacobsen and Schmandt are the first to provide direct evidence of water in this “transition zone” on a regional scale, extending across most of the interior of the United States.

“Melting of rock at this depth is remarkable because most melting in the mantle occurs much shallower, in the upper 50 miles,” said Schmandt, a co-author of the paper.

“If there is a substantial amount of H2O in the transition zone, then some melting should occur in areas where flow into the lower mantle occurs, which is consistent with what we found.”

Liquid, ice, vapor, and a fourth form of water

The water discovered in the mantle is not in a familiar form—it is not liquid, ice, or vapor. Instead, it is trapped inside the molecular structure of the minerals in the mantle rock.

The immense pressure created by 250 miles of solid rock, along with temperatures above 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, causes water molecules to split and form hydroxyl radicals (OH) that can be bound into a mineral’s crystal structure.

“Whether or not this unique sample is representative of the Earth’s interior composition is unknown,” Jacobsen said. “Now we have found evidence for extensive melting beneath North America at the same depths corresponding to the dehydration of ringwoodite, which is exactly what has been happening in my experiments.”

Following the ringwoodite

Ringwoodite, a high-pressure mineral with a captivating blue hue, was named after the Australian geologist Alfred Ringwood. It forms deep within the Earth’s mantle at depths between 410 and 660 kilometers (250-410 miles). Ringwoodite’s ability to store water within its crystal structure makes it genuinely remarkable.

Synthesizing ringwoodite in the lab

Jacobsen has been synthesizing ringwoodite, a sapphire-like blue mineral, in his Northwestern lab by reacting the green olivine with water at high-pressure conditions. He found that more than one percent of the weight of ringwoodite’s crystal structure can consist of water.

Under the immense pressures and temperatures in the mantle’s transition zone, water molecules split into hydroxyl radicals (OH), which can then be incorporated into ringwoodite’s structure. This mineral acts like a sponge, soaking up water and storing it in the deep Earth.

“There is something extraordinary about the crystal structure of ringwoodite that allows it to attract hydrogen and trap water. This mineral can contain a lot of water under conditions of the deep mantle,” Jacobsen noted.

Ringwoodite implications for Earth’s formation and habitability

The presence of water-rich ringwoodite in the Earth’s mantle has implications for our understanding of the planet’s formation and its potential for habitability.

As scientists continue to study this intriguing mineral, they may uncover new insights into the role of water in the Earth’s deep interior and its influence on the geologic processes that shape our world.

Ringwoodite’s ability to store and transport water within the mantle could also have implications for the search for life on other planets, as the presence of water is considered a critical factor in the development and sustainability of life as we know it.

Detecting magma beneath North America

Using seismic waves, Schmandt detected the presence of magma beneath North America, which aligned with Jacobsen’s findings of partial melt when subjecting synthesized ringwoodite to conditions around 400 miles below the Earth’s surface.

Additionally, seismic studies have detected regions of partial melting in the mantle’s transition zone, which could be attributed to the release of water from ringwoodite as it transforms into other minerals at greater depths.

“Seismic data from the US Array are giving us a clearer picture than ever before of the Earth’s internal structure beneath North America,” Schmandt explained. “The melting we see appears to be driven by subduction — the downwelling of mantle material from the surface.”

Process of dehydration melting

The researchers detected dehydration melting. When ringwoodite in the transition zone moves deeper into the lower mantle, it forms a higher-pressure mineral called silicate perovskite, which cannot absorb water. This causes the rock at the boundary between the transition zone and lower mantle to partially melt.

“When a rock with a lot of H2O moves from the transition zone to the lower mantle, it needs to get rid of the H2O somehow, so it melts a little bit,” Schmandt said. “This is called dehydration melting.”

“Once the water is released, much of it may become trapped there in the transition zone,” Jacobsen added.

How ringwoodite was accidentally discovered

Graham Pearson, Canada Excellence Research Chair in Arctic Resources at the University of Alberta, led the international team of scientists responsible for this remarkable find.

The complete study was published in the journal Science and the journal Nature.

Farmer Protests against Government’s Policy wheat

By Gulzar Dildar 

The recent wave of farmer protests in Lahore and several other cities has drawn attention to a significant

issue in Pakistan’s agricultural sector. The government’s handling of wheat procurement policies has been a source of frustration for farmers, leading to protests. 

The crackdown on these demonstrations highlights the urgent need to address farmers’ grievances, particularly those related to the flawed wheat procurement policy and delays in official purchases.

Farmers, the backbone of the nation’s food security, have taken to the streets as a last resort after their calls for assistance were disregarded. The plummeting wheat rates in the market and recent rains exacerbating farmers’ difficulties have pushed them to demand action from the authorities.

Despite the severity of the situation, the government has downplayed the issue, dismissing the protests as politically motivated. Such neglect of the farming community could have significant political ramifications for the ruling party, especially considering the farmers’ plans to escalate their protests with the opposition’s backing.

While the government aims to streamline wheat purchases through digitalization and reduce procurement targets, it’s essential to acknowledge the adverse effects of abrupt policy changes on farmers. The existing interventionist approach, characterized by fixing minimum support prices and procuring a significant portion of the tradable surplus, has become unsustainable and burdensome on the budget.

However, transitioning from this interventionist model requires careful consideration to prevent further harm to farmers grappling with collapsing wheat prices and crop-threatening weather conditions. Gradually withdrawing government involvement in the wheat trade while implementing alternative support mechanisms over several years is crucial to safeguarding farmers’ interests.

Moreover, scrutinizing past decisions, such as excessive wheat imports by previous administrations, is necessary to understand the root causes of the current market volatility. Holding those responsible for such choices accountable is essential for accountability and preventing similar mistakes in the future.

Addressing farmers’ challenges in wheat procurement requires a balanced approach, considering the need for policy reform and protecting farmers’ livelihoods. The government can work toward a more sustainable and equitable agricultural sector by engaging with stakeholders, implementing gradual reforms, and ensuring accountability for past actions.

Most disasters in Balochistan are man-made: Engineer Jameel Ahmed Kurd

Interview by Waheed Zaheer

Jameel Ahmad Kurd, an engineer, dedicates himself to social services in Balochistan, promoting education,

healthcare, and other forms of support. Mr. Kurd has a passion for literature and often hosts literary gatherings in a beautiful location in his area, Dasht Maru, which is about 60 km away from Quetta. He is currently working on publishing his travelogue.

Engineer Jameel Kurd is associated with the Al Khidmat Foundation and has recently been elected as its provincial head for the third time because of his outstanding performance. He recently participated in a special meeting for readers to discuss the current situation in Balochistan, which is presented for readers:

Q: Tell us about your family, education, and training? 

A: Our ancestors originally lived in Dasht Pingove, District Mastung. Roughly 120 years ago, our elders migrated to Quetta. We are the descendants of Mir Qadir Bakhsh Kurd II. He married in Mastung District, Dasht, for the first time and was blessed with a son named Jamshir Khan Kurd. Later, he married for the second time in Hyderabad Dakkan and had four sons. After the partition of India, he remained in Hyderabad Dakkan and never returned. We have been in correspondence with this family residing in Hyderabad Dakkan for a long time.

Mir Jamshir Khan Kurd was a prominent landowner with two sons, Mir Abdul Karim Kurd and Mir Ali Jan Kurd. Our grandfather, Mir Ali Jan, was also a member of the same Kurd family. Our ancestors settled in Balochi Street in Quetta and then moved to the present-day Wahdat Colony in Deba.

My grandfather was employed in the Excise Department, and his elder brother, Mir Abdul Karim Kurd, served in the British Army. My father, Muhammad Anwar, worked for WAPDA before retiring. I have eleven siblings, and despite our parents’ lack of formal education, they played a critical role in shaping our education. I completed my matriculation from Cambridge Secondary School, Quetta, and FSC from Government Degree College, Quetta.

I obtained a degree in Computer Science from Khuzdar Engineering University. As our father was not well-educated, my siblings and I relied on our aunt and uncle for academic matters. However, my elder brother, Muhammad Salim Kurd, showed a keen interest in our education. He used to visit our schools, reprimand us for not studying hard enough, motivate us to perform better, and even discipline us when necessary.

Q: How did you come up with the idea of pursuing a career in engineering?

A: It is a fact that children in Balochistan often end up following their parents’ wishes due to the lack of career counseling. Similarly, I had no concrete plans for my education either. After completing my FSC, I submitted a form to become a Commissioned Officer in the Army, but unfortunately, I was not selected. I also applied to BSc programs in FG and degree colleges, as well as engineering papers. I was accepted into all three programs but ultimately chose to attend Khuzdar Engineering University to pursue my dream of becoming an engineer.

Q: When did you start your practical life?

A: In 2007, I joined a Chinese mobile company as a telecom engineer even before the final result was released. I was then posted in Lahore for three months. While in the company, the Pakistani manager recognized my hard work and dedication and offered me a job in a multinational company like Ericsson. I went through an interview process in Lahore and was subsequently selected to work in Balochistan. 

Working with the company was a great experience, allowing me to travel around the province for fieldwork and see it in detail. I passed the Public Service Commission exam and joined the Education Department in 2011.

Q: How did you become involved in public welfare?

A: One of the reasons for this work is love for our people. After traveling around the province and observing the problematic situation faced by the people, I felt compelled to do something to help. In response to the educational challenges faced by Balochistan, an institution called Qartaba Schools of Excellence was founded at the end of 2014 to promote quality education in remote villages. 

The mentioned project began in Kolpur village in 2015 and has since expanded to include ten schools across Balochistan, where thousands of children receive a high-quality education. 

Additionally, these schools have provided employment opportunities for women. The individual behind this initiative has also been serving the province’s people through the “Al-Khidmat Foundation, Pakistan” for the past decade, doing all I can to help those in need.

Q: What is the “Al-Khidmat” organizational structure in Balochistan? 

A: Al-Khidmat Foundation is an organization operating in nine regions nationwide. Balochistan, the largest region in terms of area, has established offices in over 15 districts. In areas where official offices are absent, a network of volunteers is mobilized to assist people in need. The Foundation is committed to serving the community and aiding those facing any difficulty.

Q: Is there any system that deals with natural calamities regularly? 

A: Pakistan is one of the countries most affected by severe climate change, with the region of Balochistan being particularly impacted. Fortunately, the Natural Disasters Department of Al-Khidmat Foundation is highly organized and efficient, with teams of volunteers always ready to respond to emergencies across the country.

I have observed that most disasters in Balochistan result from human actions rather than natural causes, which can be declared man-made. These include accidents caused by the construction of waterways, traffic accidents, and insufficient safety measures in coal mines. To tackle these problems, the government should conduct a year-round public awareness campaign and take appropriate measures to prevent such accidents.

Q: What was the purpose of the recent donor conference in Quetta? 

A: The conference’s objectives are reflected in the term “donor.” Every year, Al-Khidmat organizes gatherings for philanthropists in over 100 locations nationwide to inform them about our services and needs and collect sufficient funds. 

In fact, we have collected billions of rupees in just one event in Balochistan, which demonstrates the trust that people have in us. This year, the benefactors of Balochistan donated more than Rs. 1.2 billion after listening to our appeal.

Q: Have you heard that some institutions have lost the trust of donors? 

A: When trust is betrayed, and verbal promises take the place of actual work, it becomes difficult for people to trust. In today’s modern age, with advanced technology and easy access to information, it’s not possible to run an organization based on deception. People can easily access information and find out the truth about your projects and announcements, even in remote areas, with just one click.

Q: What is the difference between your work and other NGOs? 

A: Al-Khidmat Foundation is an NGO that differs from other NGOs in terms of its funding sources. Al-Khidmat mainly receives donations from individuals or corporations, while other NGOs rely heavily on government funding and institutional support. This makes the Al-Khidmat Foundation unique in its approach to financing its projects and programs.

There is a difference between Al-Khidmat and other NGOs. Most people involved with Al-Khidmat are volunteers who serve for the sake of doing good. In contrast, other NGOs pay their workers a salary. 

Additionally, Al-Khidmat only spends 10 to 12% of its funds on administrative expenses, whereas other NGOs spend more than 40%. Al-Khidmat aims to reduce administrative costs to zero so that all funds can be used for the public good.

Q: Do you believe individuals should be provided with training and education rather than relying on charitable assistance?

A: It is crucial to highlight the two sectors of Al-Khidmat Foundation, which are education and employment. These sectors are playing a significant role in empowering underprivileged people to become self-sufficient. 

Unfortunately, we are only spending 3% of our budget on these activities, while the rest of the budget requires a massive amount of money. 

However, to improve our society, we need to reevaluate our priorities and allocate more resources to these areas. This way, we can help people become independent and reduce their dependence on aid.

Q: Did Engineer Abdul Majeed Badini win the provincial assembly seat due to his performance during the floods or because people are tired of the Sardars?

A: Engineer Abdul Majeed Badini of Al-Khidmat is a fearless and hardworking person who has served people for years. During the floods, they spent billions of rupees on the victims, built houses for them, distributed rations, and provided clean drinking water to them. Obviously, the one who stands by in difficult times is remembered. It is also essential to note that people become literate; they seem fed up with this Tribal and Sardari system. 

Similarly, Maulana Hidayatur Rahman led the solution to fishermen’s problems and, as a result, won a provincial assembly seat. Significant changes are expected in the electoral field in the next 10-15 years. 

Q: How many children do you have, and what educational activities they are currently involved in?

A: My wife, Anila, is from the Kurd tribe. She graduated, and now she is a housewife. We have three sons, Ahmad Karzan, Ahmad Azor, and Bin Yamin. I currently live in Quetta with our family in a small rented house. Two of our children are studying in school.

Q: How long have you been interested in writing, and in which genre are you trying? 

A: I’m not a professional writer, but I have traveled to Balochistan several times and have seen the situation there up close. I have also noticed that people know little about this beautiful region. Therefore, I want to share as many details as possible about my province and its people.

I began writing a travelogue two years ago about my experiences in Dera Bugti, Bela, Muslim Bagh, and Makran Division. The printing process is currently underway. In addition to writing, I organize literary programs in my local area of Dasht to promote literature and cultivate friendships through books.

Q: Which languages can you speak or understand?

A: My mother tongue is Brahui. I also speak Urdu and English and understand Balochi, Pashto, and Sindhi.

Q: What is the most important thing to get a country out of a difficult situation?

A: A strong and stable political system is crucial for any nation’s progress. A transparent political system is necessary to overcome challenges and compete with developed countries. In countries with strong political systems, there is usually prosperity, robust institutions, and efficient governance. A well-functioning political system also ensures good leadership.

Q: Is there any particular message you want to convey regarding Balochistan?

A: The people of Balochistan are known for their honesty and integrity. However, the reaction can be severe if someone deceives them or forgets their sincerity. Recently, there has been an increase in protests against past injustices and abuses. 

Balochistan boasts thousands of kilometers of borders with Afghanistan and Iran, a 750-kilometer coastline, and rich mineral resources. Additionally, 60% of the province’s population is young. Given the abundance of resources and the youth population, it is perplexing why the region remains underdeveloped and the people still suffer from poverty. 

If the Balochistan province receives capable leadership and proper attention, it can develop rapidly, contributing to the country’s overall development.

A 300-year-old settlement resurfaces as severe drought dries up a dam in the Philippines

By Emily Blumenthal and Monica Garrett

A nearly 300-year-old settlement once submerged beneath a major dam in the Philippines has reemerged

as sweltering heat and drought dry the reservoir.

Marlon Paladin, a supervising engineer for the National Irrigation Administration, told AFP that structures, including part of a church, tombstones, and a municipal hall marker, reappeared in the middle of Pantabangan Dam in Nueva Ecija province in March after months of almost no rain.

The area was deliberately flooded in the 1970s during the dam’s construction. However, according to AFP, a drought affecting about half of the country’s provinces has lowered the dam’s water levels.

Figures from the Philippine government’s weather agency, PAGASA, show that on April 30, those levels were nearly 50 meters (160 feet) lower than usual.

Paladin told AFP that this is the sixth time the settlement has resurfaced since the reservoir was created, but “this is the longest time [it was visible] based on my experience.”

According to AFP, the ruins become a popular tourist attraction when water levels drop.

Like much of Southeast Asia, the Philippines has been hit by scorching heat for several weeks, leading schools to suspend classes after temperatures hit 42 degrees Celsius (107 degrees Fahrenheit).

Although April and May are usually the hottest months in the Philippines, with temperatures averaging in the mid-30s (high 80s to mid-90s Fahrenheit), much of the country has seen even hotter temperatures.

In the past five days, the heat index in some areas has exceeded 40 degrees (104 degrees Fahrenheit), figures from PAGASA show. The heat index calculates what the human body feels the temperature is like. It considers the actual temperature and humidity, affecting the body’s cooling ability.

The town of Muñoz near the dam has seen a heat index of over 41 degrees (106 degrees Fahrenheit) over the last five days. On Sunday, the temperature felt like 47 degrees (117 degrees Fahrenheit) because of other contributing factors. As of the end of March, drought covered much of northern and central Luzon, including Nueva Ecija province, where the dam is located, according to PAGASA.

According to the US Climate Prediction Center, April has remained dry across the country, with portions of central and southern Luzon seeing less than 25% of the rainfall they should receive now.

According to AFP, this year’s El Niño climate pattern has exacerbated those conditions. This natural fluctuation is on top of planetary warming caused by human-driven climate change.

In recent years, temperatures in the region — one of the most vulnerable in the world to the effects of climate change — have climbed to unprecedented heights, leaving hundreds of millions suffering in unforgiving heat and humidity, climatologist Maximiliano Herrera told CNN.

Last spring, several Southeast Asian countries experienced record-breaking heat well over 100 degrees Fahrenheit.

A 2023 report from the World Weather Attribution described heatwave as a once-in-200-years event that would have been “virtually impossible to have occurred without climate change.”

Published in CNN.com

Balochistan needs more universities

By Jamal Rahim

Balochistan, Pakistan’s largest province, currently needs more universities. The province has only a limited

number of universities, which results in a lack of opportunities for higher education and impedes the region’s growth and development. To unlock Balochistan’s potential, it is essential to establish more universities that can cater to the educational needs of its youth.

Firstly, establishing more universities in Balochistan will provide a broader range of options for students. This will boost competition among universities and ensure that students receive quality education in diverse fields of study.

Moreover, more universities will create new job opportunities for the people of Balochistan. With the establishment of these institutions, there will be a demand for educators, administrative staff, and other support personnel, which will boost the local economy and decrease unemployment.

Another significant benefit of having more universities in Balochistan is the retention of local talent. Many bright students from the province are forced to move to other cities for higher education, resulting in a brain drain. By providing more local options, talented individuals can stay and contribute to the development of their own region.

Furthermore, establishing more universities will lead to infrastructure development in the province. This includes the construction of new buildings, roads, transportation systems, and other amenities, which will benefit the universities and the surrounding communities.

The presence of more universities in Balochistan will also promote diversity and inclusivity in education. Currently, many students from marginalized communities are unable to pursue higher education due to various barriers. With more universities, these barriers can be reduced, and education can become more accessible.

Additionally, more universities will attract students from other parts of the country, promoting cultural exchange and diversity, which is crucial for national unity. This will also provide an opportunity for the people of Balochistan to interact with individuals from different backgrounds, fostering a sense of tolerance and acceptance.

Moreover, more universities in Balochistan will lead to establishing specialized research centers. These centers will focus on the issues and challenges faced by the province, leading to the generation of local solutions and promoting the region’s development.

Furthermore, with more universities, Balochistan will have a higher number of skilled and educated professionals who can contribute to the province’s economic growth. This will benefit not only the region but also the country as a whole.

It is crucial to establish more universities in Balochistan for the overall development of the province. This will offer better educational opportunities, create new job opportunities, promote diversity and inclusivity, and drive economic growth. Therefore, the government should prioritize the establishment of more universities in Balochistan to empower its youth and unleash the region’s full potential.

Mubarak Qazi: The Luminary Poet of Balochistan’s Literary Landscape

By Abida Hasil

In the vast expanse of literature, where every word holds a universe, the realm of poets and poetry stands

unparalleled, brimming with timeless ideas and boundless creativity. 

Among the luminaries that grace this realm, one name shines brighter than the rest – Mubarak Qazi, the legendary poet of Balochistan. Born on December 24, 1956, in the coastal town of Pasni, Balochistan, and bidding farewell to the mortal world on September 16, 2023, in Turbat, Balochistan, Qazi’s life journey encapsulates the essence of poetry itself – profound, enchanting, and enduring.

Pasni, nestled in the heart of Makran, is hailed as the city of poets, and it is here that Qazi’s poetic journey commenced. Despite facing early hurdles that thwarted his pursuit of higher education, Qazi’s indomitable spirit persevered.

After completing his matriculation, Mubarak Qazi embarked on a quest for knowledge, eventually finding himself at the doors of Sindh Muslim College for higher studies. However, destiny had other plans, and familial responsibilities compelled him to temporarily put his academic aspirations on hold.

Yet, the flame of learning within him never flickered. In 1978, Mubarak Qazi ventured to Karachi, where he successfully completed his intermediate studies and gained admission to Urdu Arts College for his bachelor’s degree. 

However, Qazi’s academic pursuits were interwoven with his passion for social activism. Despite encountering challenges due to his involvement in activities critical of the government, Qazi remained steadfast in his commitment to education and advocacy for societal change.

In 1983, Qazi embarked on a new academic journey, setting his sights on Quetta to pursue a master’s degree from Balochistan University. His relentless pursuit of knowledge bore fruit as he became the first MA degree holder from his native area, a testament to his unwavering determination and intellectual prowess.

Qazi’s literary contributions extend beyond the confines of academia. A prolific writer, he penned several thought-provoking books, including “Zarnawisht,” “Shaag ma’n Sabz en Sawada,” and “Mani Ahd Ae Gam Ae Kissa,” each a poignant reflection of his perspective on societal issues. His writings resonate with authenticity and offer profound insights into the human condition, compelling readers to confront the harsh realities of life with courage and compassion.

Central to Qazi’s poetry is his unwavering commitment to truth and justice. Through his verses, he fearlessly confronts the injustices and inequities that plague society, urging readers to introspect and strive for a better world. His words are transformative, inspiring, and enlightening countless souls with their profound wisdom and timeless relevance.

Qazi’s mastery of the Balochi language further enriches his poetic oeuvre. With each carefully crafted verse, he breathes life into ancient Balochi words, infusing his poetry with a richness and depth that transcends linguistic barriers. His verses evoke a sense of pride and reverence for Balochi culture, serving as a beacon of hope for future generations.

As one delves into Qazi’s poetry, one is captivated by its brilliance and emotional resonance. His words serve as a poignant reminder of the enduring power of literature to illuminate the human experience and inspire meaningful change. 

Through his poetry, Qazi continues to weave a tapestry of beauty and truth, leaving an indelible mark on Balochistan’s literary landscape.

Mubarak Qazi’s legacy is a testament to poetry’s transformative power. His words echo across time and space, reminding us of the inherent beauty and resilience of the human spirit. 

As Mubarak Qazi eloquently says, “Life is yours; live it with full heart.” Let us heed his words and embark on a journey of self-discovery and enlightenment guided by the timeless wisdom of Balochistan’s beloved poet.

A hundred years and six generations!

By Khadija Baloch

People born between 1928 and 1945 are known as the “Silent Generation.” This generation came of age

during war and conflict, including World War II and the Cold War.

The Baby Boomer generation was born between 1946 and 1964. This generation grew up during the Cold War and the space race and was the first to embrace modern technology.

The people born between 1965 and 1980 are commonly called “Generation X.” 

Unfortunately, this generation is often considered to be the worst in terms of overall behavior, especially in Pakistan. While they have witnessed significant technological advancements and the rise of many new inventions, they are also known for being the least resistant to oppression.

The cohort born between 1981 and 1994 is often called “Generation Y” or “Millennials”. This generation grew up alongside the preceding generations of Generation X and Baby Boomers. Additionally, the older part of this generation shares some traits with Generation X and Baby Boomers. As they became aware of the world around them, they witnessed the global struggle against terrorism.

The generation born between 1996 and 2009 is commonly referred to as “Generation Z.” This group differs significantly from their ancestors, specifically the Boomers and Generation X, in many ways, particularly regarding their political awareness. 

They are the first generation to grow up with Android phones and the internet, shaping their worldview. Generation Z is faced with the daunting task of cleaning up the mess created by the previous generations, including the Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials, on a global scale. If they fail to do so, future generations may be left to deal with the consequences.

The group born after 2011 is known as “Generation Alpha.” You might have heard them being referred to as “YouTube Babies.” Most of them are still at school age, and a few haven’t even reached the age of consciousness and reasoning yet.

Defeating Tuberculosis: Uniting for a TB-Free tomorrow

By Mahikan Wahid

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious respiratory disease that continues to affect people all over the world,

including Pakistan. The country has a significant burden of this disease, with an estimated 510,000 new cases reported every year. Despite medical advancements, TB remains a pressing public health concern in Pakistan due to various socioeconomic factors and healthcare challenges.

TB is primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads through the air when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or spits. Factors such as diabetes, weakened immunity, and tobacco use increase the risk of contracting TB. 

Additionally, poverty and malnutrition exacerbate the prevalence of TB, as individuals living in impoverished conditions often lack access to nutritious food and adequate healthcare.

Recognizing the symptoms of TB is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Common symptoms include persistent cough, fever, night sweats, chest pain, breathlessness, weakness, fatigue, and weight loss. 

Individuals with HIV/AIDS, severe kidney disease, or compromised immune systems are particularly vulnerable to TB. 

Moreover, healthcare workers face occupational hazards, with approximately 15,000 developing TB annually due to occupational exposure.

Delayed diagnosis, insufficient social support, and non-adherence to treatment regimens contribute to the persistence of TB in Pakistan. Despite the availability of effective treatments, many individuals fail to complete their medication courses due to various reasons, including poverty, lack of awareness, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure.

The global impact of TB cannot be understated, with an estimated one-fourth of the world’s population infected with the bacterium. Annually, 10.6 million people fall ill with TB, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies. 

In Pakistan, the high prevalence of TB underscores the need for targeted interventions addressing medical and socioeconomic determinants.

Efforts to combat TB must encompass a multi-faceted approach, including:

1. Enhanced Awareness and Education: 

Raising awareness about TB transmission, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for early detection and prevention. Community-based educational campaigns can empower individuals to seek timely medical assistance and adhere to treatment protocols.

2. Improved Healthcare Infrastructure: 

Strengthening healthcare infrastructure, particularly in rural and underserved areas, is imperative for increasing access to TB diagnostics and treatment services. This includes expanding laboratory facilities, training healthcare personnel, and ensuring the availability of essential medications.

3. Nutritional Support: 

Addressing malnutrition and food insecurity is integral to TB prevention and management. Providing nutritional support to TB patients can enhance their immune response and improve treatment outcomes.

4. Collaborative Partnerships: 

Establishing partnerships between government agencies, healthcare providers, non-governmental organizations, and international stakeholders is vital for coordinating efforts and mobilizing resources to combat TB effectively.

5. Research and Innovation: 

Investing in research and innovation is critical for developing new diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines to combat TB. Additionally, research into social determinants of TB transmission can inform targeted interventions to address underlying risk factors.

World TB Day, observed annually on March 24th, reminds us of the ongoing global effort to eliminate TB and provides an opportunity to advocate for increased investment in TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment initiatives. 

By collectively raising awareness, providing equitable access to healthcare, and prioritizing TB control measures, we can strive toward a TB-free future for Pakistan and the world.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a significant public health concern in Pakistan. To tackle the disease, a combined and comprehensive approach is required. By enhancing public awareness, improving healthcare infrastructure, and establishing partnerships, we can ease the burden of TB and ensure that everyone enjoys better health outcomes.

Let us work together to eliminate TB and build a healthier, TB-free world for future generations.

Healthcare Crisis in Balochistan

By Abdul Wahab Samad

Balochistan, the largest province of Pakistan, grapples with a severe lack of healthcare due to shortages of

essential medicines and necessary facilities, leading to distress among its citizens. 

Most hospitals in Balochistan are in deplorable conditions, failing to meet even the most basic healthcare needs of residents. Patients struggle to receive proper treatment due to inadequate infrastructure, medical equipment, and qualified staff. 

The shortage of essential medicines forces patients to resort to unaffordable prices at private pharmacies. Many regions in Balochistan face challenges in accessing hospitals, compelling patients to travel long distances, often resulting in delayed treatment and tragically, sometimes even death.

Furthermore, Balochistan suffers from an extreme shortage of healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, and paramedics. Many healthcare workers are reluctant to serve in rural areas due to poor infrastructure, limited career growth opportunities, and security concerns.

Addressing this crisis requires comprehensive measures, such as providing incentives to attract and retain healthcare workers and improving infrastructure in rural areas. Numerous remote areas in Balochistan lack basic healthcare facilities, as highlighted by a recent incident in Dasht, Kudan, where a pregnant woman lost her life due to inadequate healthcare infrastructure and transportation.

A recent WHO report has exposed significant inconsistencies in Balochistan’s healthcare infrastructure. While the province boasts 1,661 healthcare facilities, including hospitals and primary health units (BHUs), the report reveals that 257 are missing physically on ground.  

The investigation identifies district Zhob as having the highest number of missing facilities (68), followed by Naseerabad (20) and Sibi division (16). The report attributes the devaluation of 87% of healthcare infrastructure to corruption and neglect, diverting funds meant for essential construction and maintenance.

The health department should provide scholarships and specialized training to healthcare staff beyond MPH programs to address these challenges. Implementing proper supervision and monitoring mechanisms is crucial. Strengthening the collaboration between public and private healthcare sectors and ensuring facilities are equipped with modern resources are essential to improving healthcare in Balochistan.

Early-age marriages in Balochistan

By Mahal Nisar

I am writing to express my deep concern regarding the alarming prevalence of child marriage in

Balochistan. This social issue is escalating rapidly, particularly in rural areas, and is having devastating consequences on the lives of young girls and boys.

Child marriage not only robs children of their childhood but also deprives them of essential rights such as education, health, and personal development. When children are forced into marriage at a young age, they are often unable to pursue their education or fulfil their aspirations and career goals. Instead, they are burdened with adult responsibilities for which they are ill-prepared, leading to a cycle of poverty and dependency.

Furthermore, the physical and psychological toll of early marriage on young brides and grooms is profound. Many suffer from health complications due to early pregnancies and lack of access to proper healthcare. Additionally, the emotional trauma and stress associated with being thrust into adult roles at a tender age can have long-lasting effects on their well-being.

 Urgent action must be taken to address this pressing issue. The government of Balochistan must prioritize efforts to prevent and eliminate child marriage through legislative measures, community outreach, and education campaigns. Comprehensive support services should be provided to child brides and grooms, including access to education, healthcare, and legal assistance.

Furthermore, community leaders, religious institutions, and civil society organizations play a crucial role in raising awareness about the harmful effects of child marriage and advocating for change within their communities.

It is important to take decisive action to combat child marriage and protect the rights and futures of children in Balochistan. Every child deserves the opportunity to grow and thrive in a safe and nurturing environment, free from the harmful practice of early marriage.

Balochistan needs a cancer hospital

By Maliknaz Rasheed

This article aims to bring the authorities’ attention to a critical issue affecting many lives in Balochistan.

While the province faces various global problems, such as education, poverty, and poor health conditions, the most significant concern is the lack of a dedicated cancer treatment facility. Balochistan urgently needs a cancer hospital to tackle this problem.

Cancer is a severe and often deadly disease that requires prompt and adequate medical treatment. Unfortunately, many people in Balochistan find themselves in difficult situations and cannot bear the cost of treatment in other cities. As a result, many lives are lost due to the unavailability of healthcare services that are easily accessible.

The establishment of a cancer hospital in Balochistan is not just a matter of convenience; it is a matter of life and death for many of our fellow citizens. Such a facility would provide vital medical care to those in need and significantly reduce the number of preventable deaths caused by cancer.

The government is urged to prioritize this issue and take swift and decisive action to address Balochistan’s lack of a cancer hospital. The lives of countless individuals depend on it, and it is our moral obligation to ensure access to quality healthcare for all citizens, regardless of their geographic location or socio-economic status.

AI: Artificial Intelligence

By Qumber Parvez

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various aspects of our world, including education. It has

profoundly impacted our education system by providing tools and resources to enhance learning experiences. However, while AI offers numerous benefits, its widespread use has raised concerns about its potential adverse effects.

AI is a valuable educational tool, providing instant access to information and personalized learning experiences. Students can utilize AI-powered platforms to access educational materials, receive immediate feedback on assignments, and engage in interactive learning activities. This technology has undoubtedly transformed the way students learn, and educators teach.

However, there are valid concerns about the overreliance on AI in education. Excessive use of AI may lead to declining critical thinking skills and independence among students. With AI handling tasks traditionally performed by humans, students may become passive learners, relying solely on technology to complete their assignments and acquire knowledge.

Moreover, the omnipresence of AI in our daily lives raises ethical and societal questions. Concerns about data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential for job displacement due to automation are significant considerations in integrating AI into education.

While AI can potentially enhance education, it is crucial to approach its implementation thoughtfully and responsibly. Educators, policymakers, and technology developers must collaborate to ensure that AI serves as a complement to, rather than a replacement for, traditional teaching methods. Additionally, safeguards should be in place to address ethical and privacy concerns associated with AI in education.

Ultimately, governments need to regulate the use of AI in education and ensure that appropriate guidelines are in place to protect students and uphold educational standards.

Furthermore, parents play a crucial role in monitoring their children’s use of AI-powered tools and guiding them to develop critical thinking skills and a healthy balance between technology and traditional learning methods.

AI has the potential to revolutionize education; its integration must be approached with caution and foresight. By harnessing AI’s benefits while mitigating its risks, we can create a more inclusive, equitable, and effective education system for all.

Camel Milk’s distinctive qualities

By Balach Ahmed

Camel’s milk has a distinctive composition that makes it resistant to curdling. The reason behind this is a

protein known as casein, which is different from the casein present in cow’s milk. The casein in camel’s milk is more closely related to human milk casein. This similarity makes it easier for the body to digest and less likely to curdle.

Camel milk has been a popular beverage for centuries in numerous parts of the world, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa. Its nutritional benefits are highly valued, and it is often used as a substitute for cow’s milk in cooking and baking. 

Some of the benefits of camel’s milk include:

– High in antioxidants and vitamins

– Rich in minerals like potassium and magnesium

– Has anti-inflammatory properties

– May help with lactose intolerance and digestive issues

– Supports immune system function

Camel’s milk is a nutritious dairy alternative that is worth trying.